The Quran is the holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of Allah as revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel). It has several defining characteristics: 1. Divine Origin Muslims believe the Quran is the literal word of Allah, revealed over 23 years (610-632 CE). It is considered unaltered and preserved since its revelation. 2. Language & Style Written in classical Arabic, known for its eloquence and linguistic beauty. Uses rhetorical devices, metaphors, and parables. Has a unique rhythm and structure that is neither prose nor poetry. 3. Structure & Organization Comprises 114 surahs (chapters) and 6,236 ayahs (verses). Surahs are of varying lengths, divided into Meccan (earlier, spiritual themes) and Medinan (later, legal and social matters). No strict chronological order; arranged by divine command. 4. Universal Message Tawheed (Oneness of God) is the central theme. Guides humanity on faith, morality, justice, and law. Addresses all people, regardless of time or place. 5. Comprehensive Guidance Covers spiritual, social, legal, and economic aspects of life. Provides a moral framework for individuals and society. Encourages intellect, reflection, and seeking knowledge. 6. Scientific and Historical Insights Mentions natural phenomena (e.g., embryology, astronomy) that align with modern discoveries. Includes historical accounts of past prophets and civilizations. 7. Miraculous Nature Considered inimitable (I'jaz al-Quran)—no one can produce a text like it. Believed to have a spiritual impact on listeners and readers. 8. Preservation & Memorization Orally and textually preserved without alteration. Millions of people (Hafiz) have memorized it word for word worldwide. 9. Legislative Authority Forms the foundation of Islamic law (Shariah). Paired with Hadith (sayings of Prophet Muhammad) for legal and ethical rulings. 10. Timelessness & Relevance Addresses eternal human concerns like justice, mercy, patience, and faith. Remains relevant to modern life despite being revealed over 1,400 years ago.