Obligatory act in ablution and when ablution is invalid and Consequences of missing fard acts in ablution and Consequences of missing non fard act during ablution

 Obligatory act in ablution and when ablution is invalid

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Obligatory Acts (Farā’iḍ) in Ablution (Wudu)

According to the majority of scholars (Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali), based on the Qur’an (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:6), the following four acts are obligatory (fard) in wudu:

1. Washing the face

   • From the hairline to the chin (vertically), and from one earlobe to the other (horizontally).

2. Washing both arms up to and including the elbows

   • Including hands and between the fingers.

3. Wiping (Masah) a portion of the head

   • Minimum: one-fourth of the head (Hanafi); entire head (Maliki).

4. Washing both feet up to and including the ankles

Without completing these, wudu is invalid and thus salah (prayer) cannot be performed.

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When Ablution (Wudu) Becomes Invalid

Wudu becomes invalid by any of the following:

1. Anything that exits from the private parts

• Urine, stool, gas (fart), madhy (pre-seminal fluid), maniy (semen), or wady (thick white fluid after urination/heavy lifting).

2. Loss of consciousness

• Sleep (if not in a sitting position with firm buttocks)

• Fainting

• Insanity

• Intoxication

3. Vomiting (according to some schools, especially Hanafi)

• If a mouthful or more.

4. Bleeding (according to Hanafi)

• If blood exits and flows from a wound.

5. Laughing out loud during prayer (Hanafi)

• If it is in a prayer that includes ruku’ and sujud.

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Would you like details for a specific madhhab (Hanafi, Shafi’i, etc.) or with references from hadith or Qur’an?

Consequences of missing fard acts in ablution and Consequences of missing non fard act during ablution

Here’s a clear comparison of the consequences of missing fard (obligatory) vs. non-fard (recommended/sunnah) acts during wudu (ablution):

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✅ 1. Missing a Fard (Obligatory) Act in Wudu

➤ Examples:

• Not washing the face

• Forgetting to wipe over the head

• Skipping the feet

• Washing part of the arm but not up to the elbow

🔴 Consequences:

• ❌ Wudu is INVALID

• ❌ Prayer (Salah) done with this wudu is also INVALID

• 🚫 Any act that requires purity (e.g. touching Qur’an, tawaf) is not accepted

• ❗The person is still considered in a state of impurity (hadath)

✅ What Must Be Done:

• Redo wudu completely with all fard parts

• Repeat any prayers or acts of worship done without valid wudu

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⚠️ 2. Missing a Non-Fard (Sunnah or Mustahabb) Act in Wudu

➤ Examples:

• Saying “Bismillah” before starting

• Washing the limbs 3 times (instead of once)

• Brushing teeth (miswak)

• Following the proper order (according to some madhhabs)

• Doing wudu continuously without long breaks

🟡 Consequences:

• ✅ Wudu is VALID

• ❗But less reward and blessings are earned

• 💔 You miss out on the full Sunnah reward

• 🧩 Habitually neglecting sunnah may reflect negligence in worship

✅ What Should Be Done:

• No need to repeat wudu

• Try to practice the sunnah regularly for more reward and spiritual benefit

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🧠 Summary Table:

Type of Act in Wudu	If Missed	Wudu Valid?	Salah Valid?	Impact
Fard (Obligatory)	Missed	❌ Invalid	❌ Invalid	Must repeat wudu & salah
Sunnah/Recommended	Missed	✅ Valid	✅ Valid	Less reward; not sinful unless habitua