Who will get residuary in distribution of wealth as per Quran?

 Who will get residuary in distribution of wealth as per Quran?

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In Islamic inheritance law as outlined in the Quran and further elaborated in classical Islamic jurisprudence, residuary heirs (called ʿaṣabah in Arabic) are those who receive the remaining estate after the fixed shares (furūḍ) have been distributed to the Quranic heirs.

1. Fixed Share Heirs (Furūḍ al-Muqaddara):

These are the heirs whose shares are specifically mentioned in the Quran. Examples include:

  • Spouse (husband or wife)

  • Parents

  • Children (especially daughters)

  • Siblings (in some cases)

  • Grandparents (in some cases)

2. Residuary Heirs (ʿAṣabah):

Once the fixed shares are distributed, the residuary heirs inherit the remainder of the estate. If there is no residue, they receive nothing. If there are no fixed-share heirs, the ʿaṣabah may inherit the entire estate.

Typical ʿaṣabah include:

  • Sons (they also reduce the share of daughters to a fixed portion: 2 daughters = 2:1 with 1 son)

  • Father (in some cases he can be residuary)

  • Paternal grandfather (if father is not present)

  • Brothers (especially full brothers or paternal brothers)

  • Nephews (if brothers are absent)

  • Male agnatic relatives further down the line

Quranic Reference:

The Quran gives specific shares in Surah An-Nisa (Chapter 4), verses 11–12 and 176, but it doesn't list all ʿaṣabah. The rules for residuaries are largely derived from the Sunnah and scholarly consensus (ijmāʿ), especially from the four major Sunni schools of thought.

Example:

If a man dies leaving:

  • A wife → she gets 1/8 (if he has children)

  • A son and a daughter → daughter gets half of what the son gets
    After these shares are given, the residue goes to the son as a residuary (after adjusting daughter's share accordingly).

Allah is one and second to none.

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