Integrating Science, Technology, and Engineering with Insights from the Quran and Hadith

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Our God sent down the revelation, the Quran, as the Creator of all things. He is all-powerful and all-knowing. The Creator is the first teacher of humankind, and nature is our initial school. In a cave on Mount Hira, the unlettered Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) began receiving advanced knowledge from Allah through the angel Jibril. Later, he spread these universal messages and teachings to all of humanity. “He (the Prophet) was taught by one mighty in power, endowed with wisdom; he appeared” (Quran 53: 5–6). The advanced knowledge of the reality of the physical universe and beyond, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), is a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood.

The Quran contains signs, miracles, history, mysteries, and inspiration. There are many uncovered clues and ideas hidden in the Quran. The Quran contains knowledge that could not have been known 1500 years ago. “This is the Book (Quran): There is no doubt about it, a perfect guidance for the God-revering, pious, who keep their duty to God” [2:2]. “We sent the Scripture down to you, explaining everything, as guidance and mercy, and good news to those who devote themselves to Allah” (Surah An Nahl: 89). This book encourages us to observe, learn, think critically, research, read, write, design, find the truth, and apply the knowledge of the Quran to solve the following problems:

Observe and brainstorm: Say to them, “Are the blind and the seeing equal? Why then do you not think?” (Surah Al Anam, 50). “And He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth — all from Him. Indeed, that is a sign for people who give thought” (45:13).

Learn: Allah grants us memory, attention, perception, and cognitive processes of comprehension that play critical roles in learning. “It is He Who has endowed you with the faculties of hearing and sight and has given you hearts (to reason). Yet you hardly give any thanks.” [23:78] We can learn from each other by watching what others do and observing the consequences of their behavior. “Travel throughout the land and see what finally happened to those who rejected the truth.” (6:11)

Research and critical thinking: “Then do they not reflect upon the Quran (fact), or are there locks upon (their) hearts?” [Surah Muhammad, 24]. “Have they not traveled throughout the land so that their hearts may reason, and their ears may listen? Indeed, it is not the blind eyes, but it is the hearts in the chests that grow blind” (Surah Hajj, 46).

Read and write: “Read, O Prophet, in the Name of your Lord, who created humans from a clinging clot. Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who taught by the pen — taught humanity what they knew not” (Surah Al Alaq, 1–5). The pen, or for that matter, the pencil, is a writing or drawing tool used to articulate ideas and create blueprints for artists, engineers, designers, architects, researchers, and others. Allah also teaches people how to make wooden pens, pencils, and water-based inks (with pigment). The Quran mentions: “And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea [was ink], replenished thereafter by seven [more] seas, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise” (31:27).

Findings and Applications: The Quran indicates that Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) possessed research and critical thinking skills. Growing up in a misguided neighborhood, he refused to blindly follow cultural rituals or traditions. Blindly adhering to learned behavior can be perilous. The Quran advises, “This is my straightforward path. So, follow it, and do not follow the (other) ways, lest they make you deviate from His way” (Surah Al-Anam, 153).

During the time of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH), some people worshipped idols of stone and wood, others worshipped planets, stars, sun, and moon, and yet others worshipped their kings and rulers. The Quran recounts Ibrahim’s (PBUH) questioning: “And (remember) when Abraham said to his father Azar: ‘Do you take idols as aliha (gods)? Verily, I see you and your people in manifest error’” (Surah Al-Anam, 74).

Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) observed nature and sought the truth about whom was worthy of worship. “Thus, we showed Abraham the kingdom of heavens and the earth, that he is one of those who have faith with certainty. When the night covered him with darkness, he saw a star.” Initially, he hypothesized, “(Star) This is my lord.” But after critical thinking and analysis, he declared: “I like not those that set” (Surah Al-Anam: 74–76). This process repeated with the moon and the sun, leading him to the conclusion that he would turn to the Creator. This observation of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) was repeatedly confirmed and accepted as accurate: “Truth (fact) has come, and falsehood has vanished. Falsehood is surely bound to vanish” (17:81).

The miracles of the Prophets can be seen as applications of advanced knowledge. For instance, Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) revived dead birds using the advanced knowledge taught by Allah. He wished to demonstrate this fact to the tyrant King Nimrud and his followers. Ibrahim (PBUH) prayed, “O Lord, show me how You can revive the dead.” Witnessing a dead animal on the seashore, he observed the cycle of life and death. Allah guided him to a miraculous experiment involving four types of birds, demonstrating the power of observation and practical knowledge.

All Prophets follow an evidence-based faith, “Islam.” Allah teaches us not to follow blindly but to use intellect and reasoning to discover facts. The Quran states, “He (Allah) is the (One) Who has sent down upon you the Book, whereof are clear signs that are the essence of the Book, and others co-similar (Or: ambiguous)” (Surah Ali Imran, Verse 7).

The world is full of wonders, and studying the natural world helps us understand the attributes of Allah. “It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and likewise for the earth. His command descends throughout them, so you may know that Allah is Most Capable of everything and that Allah certainly encompasses all things in His knowledge” (65:12). The Quran encourages us to gain knowledge and scientific discovery through travel and observation: “Travel through the earth and see what was the end of those who rejected Truth” (6:11).

Scientific knowledge contributes to solving practical problems, making decisions, and inventing technologies. Science is an ongoing process. While science may not observe the reality beyond this universe or the hidden power of the unseen, it does not disprove the existence of the Creator. In the modern era, many are unfamiliar with the accurate explanations and applications of the Quran. Numerous scientific studies bring us close to certainty and demonstrate the scientific accuracy of the Quranic facts.

The Quran contains such advanced knowledge that has not yet been discovered by scientists. Allah challenges humankind: “And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a surah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful” (2:23). While scientists can explain the reality of the physical universe, certain aspects beyond the universe, such as the soul and the afterlife, have not been observed by science. The Quran is a blessing for scientists, researchers, and intellectuals who have a passion for seeking, researching, and learning the truth.

Here, I am discussing some scientific fields of study, modern and futuristic technologies, and engineering in the Quran and Hadith to explore whether our faith and science coexist or not:

Numerology and Mathematics

The Quran is an absolute treasure of numerical codes. A mathematical miracle in the Quran proves that this book is a message from Allah. The numerical miracle involves countless numbers, with 7 being primary. This number appears to have a strong relationship with the creation and structure of our universe. The Earth, for instance, has seven layers: the crust, lithosphere, upper mantle, asthenosphere, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. Similarly, the atmosphere comprises seven layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, ozonosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. Atoms, the basic building blocks of matter, have a seven-layered structure. The Quran mentions that the universe has seven skies, and the number of verses referring to the seven skies is 7. The word “the Hereafter” appears 70 times in the Quran, a multiple of 7. Hell-Fire has seven doors, and the term “Hell-Fire” (Jahannam) is mentioned 77 times, also a multiple of 7. Interestingly, the number of verses between the first and last mentioning of seven is 5649, another multiple of 7.

Indeed, there is wisdom behind this pattern. In the Quran, the term “Dunya” (worldly life) is mentioned 115 times, “Akhera” (hereafter) is mentioned 115 times, “Malaekah” (Angels) is mentioned 88 times, and “Shayateen” (Satan) is mentioned 88 times. “Rajul” (Man) appears 24 times, “Marah/Nisa” (woman) appears 24 times, “Shahr” (month) is mentioned 12 times, and “Yawm” (day) is mentioned 365 times. The Quran mentions “Human Being” 65 times, and the Quran states that the sum of the stages of man’s creation is the same number correctly. Additionally, “Ar rajul (man)” is mentioned 24 times, and “al mara (woman)” is mentioned 24 times, indicating 24 different personalities or characteristics for each gender. The mathematical coherence in the Quran reveals the reliability of the Creator’s revelation.

The Quran is a numerically coherent book, and the Quranic code represents a mathematical wonder. The mathematical formulas hidden within the Quran signify the reliability of the revelation. The renowned mathematician Pythagoras stated: “Numbers rule the universe. Everything is arranged according to the number and mathematical shape.” Isaac Newton believed, “God created everything by number, weight, and measure… It is the perfection of God’s works that they are all done with the greatest simplicity. He is the God of order and not of confusion.” According to Galileo, “Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.” Numeric coding can be used to understand the programmed universe, indicating a consistent mathematical nature in the Quran. Researchers have found mathematical rules in nature, such as the Fibonacci sequence, tessellations, the golden ratio, and pi. Mathematical modeling of the Quran may be a powerful tool for studying nature.

Big Bang Theory

Allah existed eternally, preceding the creation. The Quran asserts, “He is the One Who has originated the heavens and the earth, and when He wills to (originate) a thing, He only says to it: ‘Be’, and it becomes” (2:117). The Quran describes the heavens and the earth as initially joined before being separated (21:30). Following the great explosion, Allah turned to the sky, and it became like smoke. Allah commanded the sky and the earth to come together willingly or unwillingly, and they responded in willing obedience (41:11). Researchers believe that elements forming planets and stars began to cool, come together, and follow natural laws established by Allah in the universe.

The Quran further states that Allah created the sun, the moon, and the planets, each with its courses or orbits (21:33). “Allah created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six days (Youm)” (7:54). The Arabic word “Youm” appears in the Quran as a different measurement of time. After the Creation, the Quran describes that Allah settled Himself upon the Throne to oversee His ongoing work. Every new seed sprouting, every new species appearing on Earth and Heaven, is part of Allah’s continuous creation process (Quran 57:4). “And it is He (Allah) who created the heavens and the earth in six days — and His Throne had been upon water — that He might test you as to which of you is best in deed” (11:7). This verse suggests that Allah is in control of every life form sourced from water.

If Allah’s throne is built upon water, does space consist of water? Some scientists previously believed outer space might contain fluid, as being in space is akin to being underwater. Water, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen present in space, supports this notion. Recently, scientists found a massive cloud of water vapor in space, estimated to contain at least 140 trillion times the amount of water in Earth’s seas and oceans.

The Quranic account of creation aligns with modern scientific thought about the Universe’s development and life on Earth. Descriptions of creation in the Quran remind us of Allah’s majesty and wisdom. “What is the matter with you, that you are not conscious of Allah’s majesty, seeing that it is He Who has created you in diverse stages? See you not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another, and made the moon a light in their midst, and made the sun as a (glorious) lamp? And Allah has produced you from the earth, growing (gradually)” (Quran 71:13–17).

The Divine Sources of Earth’s Water: Insights from the Quran

Where did Earth’s water come from? The Quran reveals the sources of Earth’s water. Allah sends water down to Earth through the rain from the sky (outer space/other parts of the solar system). “He is the One who made the earth a bed for you, and the sky a roof, and sent down water from the sky, then brought forth its fruits as a provision for you. So, do not set up parallels to Allah when you know.” (2:22) “And it is He (Allah) who sends the winds as good tidings before His mercy, and We send down from the sky pure water.” [11:7]

“In the water which Allah sent down from the Heavens and brought with its life to Earth after being dead and gave life in it to every kind of land animal; And in directing the winds; And in the clouds that are enslaved between the Heavens and the Earth; [All these] are Signs for a people who comprehend.” (2:164)

Today, some scientists believe Earth’s water was supplied from comets and space water, while others believe that water was likely delivered to Earth via meteorites.

Also, the Quran reveals that water came from the heavens in the form of ice.

“Can’t you see that Allah makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a pile? Then you see the rain come out from within? And He sends down from heaven mountains with ice inside them; that strike whomever He wishes or misses whoever He wishes; Its flash almost blinds you.” (24:43)

This is an indication of comets and meteors when they hit our atmosphere.

“Do the disbelievers not realize that the heavens and earth were once one mass then We split them apart? And We created from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?” (21:30)

The secondary sources of water can come in the form of groundwater, springs, lakes, etc.

“And We have sent down rain from the sky in a measured amount and settled it in the earth. And indeed, We are able to take it away.” [25:48]

“Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky and makes it flow as springs [and rivers] in the earth.” [39:2] Allah sends down water for purifying, drinking, and growing food. The Quran mentions: “And He caused (rain) to descend on you from heavens to cleanse you” [8:11] “And We have sent the fertilizing winds and sent down water from the sky and given you drink from it. And you are not its retainers.” [15:22] “And We send down pure water from the sky, thereby to bring to life a dead land and slake the thirst of that which We have created — cattle and men in multitudes.” (25:48–49)

Polluted water smells like rotten eggs or metallic smells or tastes salty. Water pollution occurs when water comes into contact with organic matter, certain substances, or microorganisms. It was narrated that Abu Umamah Al-Bahili said: “The Messenger of Allah said: ‘Water is not made impure by anything except that which changes its smell, taste, and color” [Sunan Ibn Majah]. In most cases, human activities that generate domestic sewage and waste cause water pollution. Water pollution has devastating impacts on ecosystems. The Quran warns of the careless action of mankind: “Is it you who cause it from the rainclouds to come down, or are We the Causer of it to come down? If We willed, We verily could make it salt (and undrinkable), why then do you not give thanks (to Allah)?” [56:68–70]

As Allah’s chosen representative on earth, humans are responsible for the long-term sustainability of life on earth. Today, humans are impacting and harming the environment in many ways. Irresponsible activities of humans lead to an increased risk of the bone-dry barren plateau, and the earth will eventually run out of water. The Quran warns humankind: “We have fashioned everything in this world as mere adornments to test them! To see who amongst them performs the righteous deeds.” (18:7) “Verily what is on earth we shall make but as dust and dry soil (without growth or herbage)” [18:8].

Origin of Iron

Many things we use daily couldn’t exist without iron, such as vehicles, cutting tools, appliances, etc. “And We also sent down iron in which there lies great force and which has many uses for mankind” (Quran 57:25) The Quran indicates that iron was “sent down” and did not form on the Earth. Did iron come from outer space? Some scientists believe the origin of Iron begins in space with the explosion of a star or supernova. Some believe that iron fell to earth as meteorites from outer space. In 1928, a study found that the oldest known iron artifacts (the beads) from Egypt had a high nickel content that is a signature of iron meteorites and the researchers suggested that it was of celestial origin.

Rivers in Space

“Allah has promised to the believing men and the believing women gardens, beneath which rivers flow, to abide in them, and goodly dwellings in gardens of perpetual abode; and best of all is Allah’s goodly pleasure; that is a grand achievement.” (9:72) “For them will be Gardens of Eternity: beneath them, rivers will flow” [18:31] Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik that a man said, “O Messenger of Allah! What is Al-Kawthar?” He (the Prophet) replied: “It is a river in Paradise that my Lord has given me. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Saihan (Oxus), Jaihan (Jaxartes), Al-Furat (Euphrates) and An-Nil (Nile) are all from the rivers of Jannah.” [Muslim]. “The description of Paradise, which the Muttaqoon have been promised, is that in it are rivers of water the taste and smell of which are not changed; rivers of milk of which the taste never changes; rivers of wine delicious to those who drink; and rivers of clarified honey (clear and pure).” [47:15] NASA scientists discovered there are rivers and lakes in space. Unlike Earth, the rivers, lakes, and streams on Titan are made out of methane and ethane. Geologists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that there were flowing rivers in ancient Mars.

Growing Plants in Space

Allah created the first human being with the intention to be His vicegerents on Earth. Before coming to Earth, Adam and his wife briefly dwelled in the Garden to acquaint themselves with the challenges of earthly life. The Quran gives a hint about space gardening: “We said, ‘O Adam, dwell with your spouse in the garden and eat thereof freely whensoever (from whatever place or source) you wish, but do not approach (eat from fruits of) this (forbidden) tree or you should be among the wrongdoers.’” [2:35] This verse suggests that the climate in space is suitable for growing certain types of plants and trees. Al-Mann (a kind of sweet gum) and Al-Salwa (quails) are mentioned as provisions sent down by Allah to the children of Israel. Some scholars believe Manna is a fungus or mushroom, and it is known that fungi thrive in space environments.

The UAE is exploring extraterrestrial agriculture by germinating date palm seeds in space. A Hadith mentions that there are special words to praise Allah, and each time we recite them, a date-palm is planted for us in Jannah (Paradise). The words are: “Subhanallahil Adheemi wabihamdihi (Glory is to Allah, the Magnificent, and His is the praise).”

Rafi bin Amr Al-Muzani said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) say: “Ajwah (dates) and the rock are from Paradise.’” [Bukhari] Tuba tree grows in Jannah (Paradise, Garden). The Prophet (PBUH) said: “ Tuba is a tree in Paradise, one hundred years big. The clothes of the people of Paradise are made from its calyces (the outer casing of its flowers).” [Reported by Ibn Hibban] Utbah ibn Abdin al-Salami said: “A Bedouin came to the Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and asked him about al-Hawd (the cistern). He mentioned Paradise, and then the Bedouin asked him, ‘Is there fruit there?’ He said, ‘Yes, and there is a tree called Tuba.’ The Bedouin asked, ‘What tree of this world does it resemble?’He said, ‘It does not resemble any tree from your land. Have you been to Syria?’ He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘It resembles a tree in Syria called al-Jawzah (walnut) which grows on one trunk then spreads its branches higher up.’ The Bedouin asked, ‘How big is its trunk?’ He said, ‘If one of the camels of your people was to go around it, it would not complete one circuit before its neck broke of old age and exhaustion. The Bedouin asked, ‘Are there grapes there?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ He asked, ‘How big is a bunch?’ He said, ‘The distance a crow could fly without stopping in a month.’ He asked, ‘How big is one grape?’ He said, ‘Does your father ever slaughter a he-goat from his flocks?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘And does he skin it and give the hide to your mother, and say, “Make me a bucket”?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ The Bedouin asked, ‘Is one grape big enough to satisfy me and my family?’ He said, ‘Yes, and your whole tribe.’” (Reported by Imam Ahmad).

When the Prophet (PBUH) ascended into the layers of the sky in his miraculous journey, he reached the Furthest Lote Tree (Sidrah al-Muntaha). The Prophet (saw) described the tree as:

‘[Its] leaves were like elephant ears and its fruit like big earthenware vessels’. [Muslim]
‘Then, when it was covered by the Command of Allah, it underwent such a change that none among creation has the power to praise its beauty.’ [Muslim]
‘A rider will travel in the shade of one of its branches for a hundred years,’ or a hundred riders will seek to shade themselves with its shade’. [Tirmidhi]
The tree is surrounded by golden butterflies. [Tirmidhi]
Many colors had covered it which the Prophet (PBUH) did not know (indescribable)’. [Muslim]
‘There terminates everything that ascends from the earth and everything that descends from above.’ [Tirmidhi]

Space Food

Prophet Isa (PBUH) made a supplication to Allah: ‘O Allah our Lord, ‘send down to us a feast from the sky so that it may be an occasion of rejoicing for us, for the first and the last of us and a sign from You, and provide for us and You are the best of Providers.” (5: 114) Allah descended the tray of food. A hadith mentions: “The first meal of the people of Paradise will be Extra-lobe (caudate lobe) of fish-liver.” [Sahih Bukhari] The inhabitants of Paradise will be consuming a variety of fruits (fig). “And any fruit they specify and any bird meat they desire…” (Quran: 20–21) This verse indicates that the vertebrates might be born outside of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Abu Huraira reported: On the night of the Ascension, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was presented with two vessels, one full of wine and the other full of milk. The Prophet looked at them both, and he chose the vessel full of milk. The Angel Gabriel, upon him be peace, said, “All praise is due to Allah, who has guided you to that which is natural, for had you chosen the wine your nation would have been led astray.” (Sahih al-Bukhari) This hadith indicates the intelligence of the Prophet (PBUH) because drinking alcohol could be problematic for the stomach in space.

Life Did Not Originate on Earth

Angels and Jinn, two different intelligent life forms, were created before Adam. At-Tabari narrated in his Tafseer from Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) that he said: The first ones to dwell on the earth were the jinn, and they caused mischief therein, shedding blood and killing one another. It was narrated from ar-Rabee ibn Anas that he said: “Allah created the angels on Wednesday, and He created the jinn on Thursday and He created Adam on Friday. Then some of the jinn disbelieved, and the angels used to come down to earth to fight them, and there was bloodshed and corruption on earth.”

Fifteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identified the differences between the main elements of three life forms: Angels, Jinn, and Humans. He said, “Allah fashioned angels from light and then made jinn from smokeless fire. Man was formed later, out of clay” (Muslim). Angels, Jinn, and Humans- these three life forms are interconnected. Therefore, Jinni (singular: an intelligent living organism) and Jinn (plural: the collective force of Jinni) are creations made out of smokeless flame. They are invisible to the naked eye. Do you think Jinn are microscopic organisms? Scientists believe that the earliest life forms were microbes.

Angels and Jinn were companions of mankind before coming to this Earth. The Quran mentions that after creating the new creation ‘Adam,’ Allah selected him as His chosen representative on Earth. Then He presented “Adam” to intelligent angels and Jinn who already existed in heaven. Allah demanded the obedience of “Adam” from the inhabitants of the higher station. Angels obeyed the commands of Allah to be obedient to His new representative “Adam” and accepted to assist in performing his assigned tasks and responsibilities on the Earth. But one of the Jinn named Iblis saw the vulnerability of the physical features or elements of Adam. Iblis became arrogant about his features and abilities, and he refused to serve Adam and disobeyed the commands of our Creator. Iblis deceived Adam and his wife. “Thus, did Adam disobey his Lord, so he went astray.” (20:121) “Get down (all of you — Adam and his wife, and Satan from the garden to earth), with enmity between yourselves (Satan against Adam and his wife, and their descendants)! On the earth shall be your abode and sustenance for an appointed time” [2:36] He said: “Therein you shall live, and therein you shall die, and from it, you shall be brought out (i.e. resurrected).” [7:25] In another verse, (God) said, “Go down from it, all of you, as enemies to one another. But when guidance comes to you from Me, then whoever follows My guidance will neither go astray (in this world) nor suffer (in the Hereafter) [20:123] These verses clearly indicate that Adam was ‘sent down’ to the earth.

Scientists believe that biological life would have been unable to form, much less survive under early Earth’s climate. They believe that the earth’s entire atmosphere was changed from nitrogen-based to oxygen-based so that Allah makes the Earth habitable for higher forms of life.

The Sound of Space:

“By the heaven and At-Tariq. And what will make you know what At-Tariq is? (It is) the star of piercing brightness” (At-Tariq: 1–3). The Arabic meaning of the word” At-Tariq” is the knocker, so when scientists heard the emitted sound, they realized that it was like a hammer. NASA released a sound clip that proves our universe is not silent. The Prophet ascended beyond Paradise where he heard the incredible sound of the pens. Abu Dharr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “I see what you do not see. Heaven is groaning (creaking) and it has a right to be groaning: there is no space the width of four fingers in it but an angel placing his forehead in prostration to Allah the Exalted.” [Ibn Majah]

Smell of Outer Space and Smell of Grave

NASA has reportedly been working on the scent for over a decade, but it was trapped behind red tape and bureaucracy. Over a decade ago, NASA chemists developed a scent that mimics the smell of space. Outer space aroma that NASA designed fragrance is “sweet-smelling welding fumes, burning metal, a distinct odor of ozone, an acrid smell, walnuts, and brake pads, gunpowder, fruit, rum, and even burnt almond cookies.” Hadith confirms that outer space has a smell. Abu Uthman An-Nahdi (RA), a Tabii, reports that Nabi (PBUH) said: “If one is given rayhan [fragrance] then he should not refuse, for the scent has come from Jannah.” (Tirmidhi has declared this Hadith as weak or gharibun hasan). Anas ibn Nadhr, (May Allah be pleased with him) one of the companions who fought in Uhud, said before he was killed as a martyr: ‘I smell the fragrance of Jannah.’ (Bukhari) Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “He who does not acquire knowledge with the sole intention of seeking the Pleasure of Allah but for worldly gain, will not smell the fragrance of Jannah on the Day of Resurrection.” [Abu Dawud].

Like fingerprints, all dead bodies might have their unique odors, including the smell of decomposition. However, do graves have a unique smell? A hadith indicates that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) smelt a pleasant smell that was coming out of a hairdresser’s grave. The story of the hairdresser of the daughter of Pharaoh is narrated as follows: It was narrated that Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allah (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “On the night on which I was taken on the Night Journey (Isra), a beautiful fragrance came to me. I said: O Jibril, what is this beautiful fragrance? He said: This is the fragrance of the hairdresser of Pharaoh’s daughter and her children. I said: What is their story? He said: Whilst she was combing the hair of Pharaoh’s daughter one day, the iron comb fell from her hand and she said, ‘Bismillaah (In the name of Allah).’ The daughter of Pharaoh said: ‘My father?’She said: ‘No. My Lord and the Lord of your father is Allah.’ She said: ‘I will tell him about that.’ She said: ‘Yes.’ So, she told him and he summoned her and said: ‘O So and so, do you have a Lord other than me?’ She said: ‘Yes, my Lord and your Lord is Allah.’ He ordered that a cow made of copper be heated up, and then he ordered that she and her children be thrown into it. She said: ‘I have a request to make of you.’ He said: ‘What is your request?’ She said: ‘I would like my bones and my children’s bones to be gathered together in one cloth and buried.’ He said: ‘This will be done for you.’ He ordered that her children be thrown into it in front of her, one by one, until they came to the last one who was an infant boy who was still being breastfed. It was as if she wavered because of him, but he said: ‘O mother, go ahead, for the punishment of this world is easier to bear than the punishment of the hereafter.’ So, she went ahead.”

Space Travel and Searching for Heaven

Throughout history, humans have been fascinated by space. Many ancient civilizations attempted to explore space. It could be possible that ancient Sumerians traveled to Pluto in spaceships thousands of years ago. The Quran indicates that ancient civilizations did have a concept of outer space travel: “And We set moderate travel distances in between, saying, ‘Travel between them by day and night safely. But [insolently] they (the tribe of Sheba) said, ‘Our Lord, lengthen the distance between our journeys,’ and wronged themselves, so We made them narrations and dispersed them in total dispersion. Indeed, in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful” (Quran 34:18–19). “Our Lord, lengthen the distance between our journeys” — this verse indicates that the tribe of Sheba wanted to travel beyond their usual capacity. The Quran mentions the story of the Prophet Idris (PBUH), who possibly traveled to space. Allah says, “Mention too, in the Quran, the story of Idris. He was a man of truth, a prophet. And We raised him to the high station” (19:56–57). However, an Angel was sent to seize Prophet Idris’s soul while he was at the high station.

The moon was split into two parts during the lifetime of the Prophet (Sahih al-Bukhari). This hadith indicates that future people would visit the moon to confirm the incident and realize the miraculous revelation (the Quran) came from the Creator. How, 1400 years ago, a Prophet who was unable to read and write revealed the advanced knowledge of the splitting of the moon.

Many ancient people believed stars and celestial bodies were heaven. As the Quran mentions: “Indeed, your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and Earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne. He covers the night with the day, [another night] chasing it rapidly; and [He created] the sun, the moon, and the stars subjected by His command. The creation and the command belong to Him alone. Blessed is Allah — Lord of all worlds!” (Quran 7:54) “And it is He who placed for you the stars that you may be guided by them through the darkness of the land and sea. We have detailed the signs for people who know.” (6:97)

So, when the night covered him [with darkness], Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) saw a star. He said, “This is my lord.” But when it set, he said, “I like not those that disappear.” “And Allah has subjected for you the night and day and the sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed, there are signs for people who reason.” (16:12) “Indeed, We have adorned the nearest heaven with an adornment of stars.” (37:6) Allah mentions why he placed the stars: “And by the stars, they are [also] guided” (16:16). This verse gives a hint about the celestial navigation practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine our actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the earth.

People who do not believe in the hereafter may search for “Heaven” through underground portals or space traveling. Allah mentions, “If their turning away is hard on you, then, if you can ask an opening to go brings down into the depth of the earth or a ladder to the sky. So that them a verse (miracle)! If Allah had willed, He could have gathered them all together on Guidance. Therefore, do not be ignorant.” (Al-Anam, 35) Allah asks people who have knowledge, “Did you not see how Allah has created seven heavens one upon another?” (Surah Nuh, 15) Allah allows mankind to travel to space to attain the divine presence of Allah and understand Allah’s wisdom through His work in creation.

Many scientists have spent decades searching for “heaven” and “hell.” But heaven or hell is beyond the known limits. Whatever technology or carrier is invented, no one can explore or cross the specific range above the sky without Allah’s permission. Allah says, “O company of jinn and humans! If you can pass through the confines of the heavens and the earth, then do pass through. But you will not pass through except by authority [from Allah]. (Surah Ar Rahman, 33) It is impossible to reach all the edges of the Universe. The Quran indicates the challenges of space travel and physical limitations. “Even if We opened upon them from the heaven a door and they continued passing through it, they (astronauts and space explorers) would say ‘Our sights were intoxicated, rather we were bewitched’.” (15:14) Most astronauts face challenges and experience blurred vision, loss of balance, motion sickness, dizziness, and nausea in their few days in space.

In order to go to heaven, the straight path is only worshipping and serving our Creator. “Allah has created death and life to test which one of you is best in deeds.” (67:2) Stargate is not the door of heaven. Astronauts may discover planets and stars with Allah’s permission, but the Quran indicates that no physical body will enter heaven unless Allah allows its tiny souls to enter the gates of heaven after death. As the Quran mentions, “Indeed, those who deny Our verses and are arrogant toward them — the gates of Heaven will not be opened for them, nor will they enter Paradise until a camel enters into the eye of a needle” (7:40). This verse compares the microgates of heaven with the eye of a needle where the worldly physical body is unable to enter.

Only if Allah wills, microsouls can experience the journey to heaven and hell. “It is Allah Who takes away the souls at the time of their death and those that die not during their sleep. He keeps those (souls) for which He has ordained death and sends the rest for a term appointed.” (Surah Az Zumar, 42) A sound hadith describes: “When the believer is about to depart from this world and go forward into the Next World, angels with faces as bright as the sun descend from the heavens and sit around him in throngs stretching as far as the eye can see. Then the Angel of Death comes and sits at his head and says, “Good soul, come out to forgiveness and pleasure from Allah!” Then his soul emerges like a drop of water flows from a water skin, and the angel takes hold of it. When he has grasped it, the other angels do not leave it in his hand even for the twinkling of an eye. They take it and place it in a perfumed shroud, and fragrance issues from it like the sweetest scent of musk found on the face of the earth. Then they bear it upwards and whenever they take it past a company of angels, they ask, ‘Who is this good soul?’ and the angels with the soul reply, ‘So-and-so the son of so-and-so,’ using the best names by which people used to call him in this world. They bring him to the lowest heaven and ask for the gate to be opened for him. It is opened for him, and angels who are near Allah from each of the heavens accompany him to the subsequent heaven until he reaches heaven where Allah the Great is. Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says, ‘Register the book of My slave in ‘Illiyun and take him back to earth. I created them from it and I return them to it and I will bring them forth from it again. His soul is then returned to his body, and two angels come to him. They make him sit up and say to him, ‘Who is your Lord?’ He replies, ‘My Lord is Allah.’ They ask him, ‘What is your religion?’ He replies, ‘My religion is Islam.’ They ask him, ‘Who is this man who was sent among you?’ He replies, ‘The Messenger of Allah. Then a Voice from on high declares, ‘My slave has spoken the truth, so spread out carpets from the Garden for him and open a gate of the Garden for him!’ Then some of its fragrance and perfume comes to him, his grave is expanded for him as far as the eye can see, and a man with beautiful garments and a fragrant scent comes to him and says, ‘Rejoice in what delights you for this is the day which you were promised.’ He asks, ‘Who are you? Yours is a face which presages good.’ He replies, ‘I am your good actions.’ Then he says, ‘O Lord, let the Last Hour come soon so that I may rejoin my family and my property!’

On the other hand, “When an unbeliever is about to depart from this world and go forward into the Next World, angels with black faces descend from the heavens carrying rough hair-cloth and sit around him in throngs stretching as far as the eye can see. Then the Angel of Death comes and sits at his head and says, ‘Foul soul, come out to the wrath and anger of Allah!’ Then his soul divides up in his body and is dragged out like a skewer is pulled out of wet wool. Then the angel takes hold of it. When he has grasped it, the other angels do not leave it in his hand even for the twinkling of an eye. They take it and wrap it in the rough haircloth, and a stench comes out of it like the worst stench of a corpse on the face of the earth. Then they take it up, and whenever they take it past a company of angels, they ask, ‘Who is this foul soul?’ And the angels with the soul reply, ‘So-and-so the son of so-and-so,’ using the worst names by which people used to call him in this world. They bring him to the lowest heaven and ask for the gate to be opened for him. It does not get opened…’ (Mishkat al-Masabih)

In the miraculous journey of Al-Isra and Al-Miraj, Prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven. Some scholars believe that the Isra and Miraj were physical journeys. Some people believe the Miraj was the spiritual journey where the Prophet (PBUH) was shown the heavens. One of the Hadith indicates the out-of-body experiences where the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “After the completion of my business in Jerusalem, a ladder was brought to me finer than any I have ever seen. It was that to which the dying man looks when death approaches. My companion mounted it with me until we came to one of the gates of heaven called the Gate of the Watchers. An angel called Ismail was in charge of it, and under his command were twelve thousand angels, each having twelve thousand under his command.” (Sahih Bukhari) Another hadith mentions, “The first (form) with which was started the revelation to the Messenger of Allah was the true vision in sleep. And he did not see any vision but it came like the bright gleam of dawn.” (Sahih Muslim)

During this journey, his soul experienced the inhabitants of the heavens and the inhabitants of hell. Sahl b. Sad reported Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) as saying: “The inmates of Paradise will look to the upper apartment of Paradise as you see the planets in the sky. I narrated this hadith to Numan B. Abi Ayyash, and he said: I heard Abu Said al-Khudri as saying: As you see the shining planets in the eastern and western (sides of) horizon.” The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) described the size of the heavens; the first heaven, as compared to the second, is similar to a small ring in the desert, and he continued this narrative until he described the sixth heaven as being the size of a ring in the desert compared to the seventh heaven.

The Miraj refers to the “ladder.” We know that DNA resembles a long spiraling ladder. Is it possible that the soul of Prophet Muhammad experienced time traveling with the angel Jibril through DNA memories? Al-Buraq was brought to Prophet Muhammad, a white (lighting) creation or mount, smaller than a mule and more significant than a donkey (with wings on its sides). Is it possible that Buraq is a futuristic soul carrier (for transporting the different worlds and realities through the ladder with the assistance of microbes) that was created with nanomaterials that interact with life (angel or light energy), and this carrier can transform into “smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey” size and infiltrate places larger particles? Or, do you think Buraq is a creature?

How Did Adam First Land on Earth?

The Quran mentions that Allah forbade Adam and his wife to come near the forbidden tree in Paradise: “O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in Paradise and eat both of you freely with pleasure and delight of things therein as wherever you will, but come not near this tree, or you both will be of the wrong-doers.” (Quran 2:35) Satan started to whisper to him and made the ‘forbidden tree’ more attractive to him. He said: “Shall I guide you to the Tree of Immortality and the Eternal Kingdom?” And Satan said to them: “Your Lord did not forbid you this tree save you should become angels or become of the immortals. Verily, I am one of the sincere well-wishers for you both.” (7:20–21) Adam might have had a desire for immortality. “So, he Satan misled them with deception.” (Quran 7:22) “Thus, did Adam disobey his Lord, so he went astray.” (Quran 20:121) “Children of Adam! Let not Satan deceive you in the manner he deceived your parents out of Paradise, pulling off from them their clothing to reveal to them their shame. He and his host surely see you from whence you do not see them.” (7:27) This verse indicates the souls of Adam and his wife lost their clothing (body) in the garden, and Allah knows best! Our bodies are the coverings of our souls. Similarly, when we, the children of Adam, eat forbidden food and follow unhealthy lifestyles, our souls experience death and leave the body.

Allah the Almighty addressed Adam and his wife: “Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you: Verily, Satan is an open enemy unto you?” They said: “Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not, and bestow not upon us Your Mercy, we shall certainly be of the losers.” (Allah) said: “Get down, one of you an enemy to the other (i.e., Adam, his wife, and Satan). On earth will be a dwelling place for you and an enjoyment for a time.” He said: “Therein you shall live, and therein you shall die, and from it you shall be brought out (i.e. resurrected).” (Quran 7:22–25) To me, these verses indicate that the souls of Adam and his wife were sent to Earth after destroying their bodies. Today, some researchers believe that life existed in outer space and was transported by asteroids, meteorites, or comets to Earth. Others believe that microorganisms hitched a ride on a space rock and set up residence after it crashed into Earth billions of years ago.

Existence of an Unseen Microscopic World

“[Allah is] Knower of the unseen (the microscopic world) and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted.” (Quran 13:9) Allah is the lord of the microworld and macroworld. The Quran defines the “believers” as those: “Who believe in the unseen (microscopic world), establish prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them, and who believe in what has been revealed to you, and what was revealed before you, and of the Hereafter, they are certain [in faith].” Therefore, belief in the unseen, invisible, hidden things that are not visible to naked eyes is an important study in Islam. Jinn (جن) is an Arabic word that means “hidden” or invisible life form. Fifteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identified the difference between the main elements of three intelligent life forms — Angels, Jinn, and Humans. He said, “Allah fashioned angels from light and then made jinn from smokeless fire. A man was formed later, out of clay” (Muslim). Angels, Jinn, and Humans — these three life forms are interconnected.

We know the Angels and Jinn are of varying types and sizes. Angels in the sky are big. The size of Angels and Jinn on Earth is smaller than the sky Angel and Jinn race. For example, Angel Jibril (PBUH) has been seen in different sizes, including filling the horizon with his wings and taking the form of a man when he appeared to Maryam (PBUH). Similarly, Jinn can be snakelike (reptiles), doglike (Canidae), or one kind of jinn that can travel through the air.

Is it possible that our universal brothers, one type of “Angels” and “Jinn”, are microbial communities? Microorganisms are companions in the ecosystem of the human body and the Earth. Human evolution has been indistinguishably linked with the microbes (beneficial and stubborn microbes) that have surrounded us. The Quran mentions that “Exalted is He who created all pairs — from what the earth grows and from themselves and from that which they do not know” (36:36). Allah assigned His angels to every ecosystem on earth, sea, sky, and even within our body to perform their tasks from the very beginning.

Microbes interact with the child when they are in the mother’s womb and during their birth. Narrated by Anas Ibn Malik (RA), he said: “The Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: At every womb, Allah appoints an angel who keeps communicating to Allah (for His instruction), O Lord! Now in semen-shape. O Lord! Now it has turned to clotted blood. O Lord! Now it has turned into a meatball. Then when Allah wants to complete the creation, He asks: ‘Will it be a male or female (gender), a wretched or a blessed (genetic traits e.g., intelligence, good health), and how much will his provision be? And what will his age be?’ The Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “So all that is written while the child is still in the mother’s womb.” The baby shares the mother’s microbes through breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact. Microbes begin living in and on our bodies from the moment we are born. These early colonizers helped educate our immune systems to differentiate good microbial companions from pathogenic microbes.

We cannot see our Creator with limited eyesight, but there is not enough evidence to deny the truth that we are creations and that there is a Creator Who creates us. We do not see the wind, but we cannot deny the existence of the wind. We cannot touch the end of a rainbow because our visibility requires the distance between the object and the observer. Humans cannot see tiny bacteria with their naked eyes. Unseen means not visible to human eyes; unseen does not mean non-existent. The more knowledge you have of His invisible microcreations (in the microworld), the more you will believe in the existence of your Creator. The more knowledge you have of the power of our Creator, the more you will fear him. Fearing our Creator acknowledges our wisdom increases. Every single sign in nature is a scientific idea that Allah encourages people of thoughts to discover. “Allah Almighty turns arrogant people away from being guided with his signs.” For those people, Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran: “I will turn away from My verses those who behave arrogantly on the earth, without a right, and (even) if they see all the Ayahs (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons signs, revelations, etc.), they will not believe in them…” [7:146].

Mate Selection

Generally, humans rely on sex to reproduce. Biological ornamentation or sexual ornamentation are features used in displays to attract mates sexually. In the animal kingdom, peacocks maintain elaborate tails, African male lions possess manes, and fruit flies perform dances to attract mates. For humans, the sexual ornaments can be biological (e.g., beards, breasts, physique display, skin exposure, physical strength), behavioral (a gaze signaling the desire for romance, sexual body language, and tone of voice), and artificial (temporary body adornments such as makeup, tattoos, wigs, loud shoes or high heels, jewelry, or sexually provocative clothing). The main goal of sexual ornaments is to get attention, attract, and mate with the opposite sex to reproduce and survive. However, physical intimacy before marriage can transmit infections from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact, create insecurities, shorten life expectancy, and cause human overpopulation, leading to habitat fragmentation and ecosystem disruption. The Quran forbids attracting the opposite sex without marriage: “Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their chastity. That is purer for them. Surely Allah is All-Aware of what they do.” (24:30) “And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and be modest, and to display of their adornment only that which is apparent, and to draw their veils over their bosoms, and not to reveal their adornment save to their own husbands or fathers or husbands’ fathers, or their sons or their husbands’ sons, or their brothers or their brothers’ sons or sisters’ sons, or their women, or their slaves, or male attendants who lack vigor, or children who know naught of women’s nakedness. And let them not stamp their feet so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment. And turn unto Allah together, O believers, so that ye may succeed.” (24:31)

Mate choice is a competition. This competition occurs throughout the breeding seasons of many animals. For example, male frogs gather near the water’s edge and use a variety of vocalizations to attract female frogs. Female frogs select their mates based on the depth of the croak of the male frogs. A hadith confirms that croak is Tasbeeh (glorification). The Prophet (PBUH) advised: “No man should offer a proposal of marriage over the proposal of his brother until the first one gives up or gives him permission.” (Reported by al-Bukhari)

The real spiritual ornament of a spouse is his or her good character. “…the best clothing is righteousness. This is one of Allah’s bounties, so perhaps you will be mindful.” (Quran 7:26) How you treat your spouse is the only true measure of your character. Prophet Muhammad said, “The best among you is one who is best to his wife, and I am the best among you in my dealings with my wives.” Umar ibn Al-Khattab said: No man can have anything better after faith than a woman of righteous character, loving and child-bearing. And no man can have anything worse after unbelief than a sharp-tongued (cruel & unfeeling) woman of bad character.”

Islam gives males and females the right to choose their future spouse. ‘If you find a boy whose Akhlaq (religion and manners) is good and who follows the faith properly, give your daughter in marriage to him. If matches are made without considering the aspects of akhlaq and faith, it will cause mischief and disturbance in the Islamic society.’ [Jami at-Tirmidhi] “Choose carefully for your seed. Marry those who are equivalent (or righteous) and give them in marriage” [Ibn Majah]. Another hadith mentions: “Women may be married for four things: their wealth, their lineage, their beauty, and their religious commitment. Choose the one who is religiously committed; may your hands be rubbed with dust (i.e., may you prosper).” [Bukhari] These two hadiths offer insights about sperm and embryo selection based on the righteous lifestyles of the spouses for receiving children with good traits. Similarly, Surah An-Nur (Verse 26) mentions that righteous men deserve to marry righteous women.

Individuals who have multiple sex partners have a higher risk of virus transmission than people who do not have multiple sex partners. Abdullah b. Masud (Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah’s Messenger (May peace be upon him) said to us: “O young men, those among you who can support a wife should marry, for it restrains eyes (from casting evil glances) and preserves one from immorality; but he who cannot afford it should observe fast, for it is a means of controlling sexual desire.” (Muslim) This hadith indicates marriage and fasting cure uncontrolled sexual urges. “When a man marries, he has fulfilled half of his religion” (Bayhaqi).

There are two mating systems in humans: monogamy and polygyny. The practice of one man marrying multiple women was common in the genetic history of our species because females outnumbered males. Polygamy is in men’s genes. A woman can only give birth once every ten months, while a man can become a dad multiple times in the same time frame. The Quran mentions: “If you fear that you will not do justice to the orphans, then marry the women you like, in twos, in threes and fours. But if you fear that you will not maintain equity, then (keep to) one woman, or bondwomen you own. It will be closer to abstaining from injustice (imbalance in family life).” [4: 3]

Love, support, comfort, fulfillment, financial security, and companionship are the biggest reasons why people get married. Life is a test, so stress can increase your biological age and impact your mental health negatively. Human relationships, compassion, kindness, comfort, social connectedness, strong bonds, and family support are emotional cures that assist in coping with stress and managing fear. “They (Spouses) are a garment (body) for you, and you are a garment for them.” [Quran 2:187] Spouses can influence each other’s stress levels, habits, and physical health. Researchers found that improving your fitness can improve the fitness of your spouse. The husband must spend on his wife’s maintenance, including feeding, clothing, shelter, services, and health care that corroborate the well-being of the family.

Remember, your family life is a source of fitnah (stress and conflict)–sometimes your children and spouse can be a trial (stressor) for you. Family problems and separation play a role in the development of eye problems and health issues by directly causing crying and indirectly aggravating mental stress. The Quran mentions that when the father of Prophet Yusuf lost his son, he said, ‘What anguish is my sorrow for Yusuf!’ And then his eyes turned white from hidden.” [12:84] This verse indicates that the separation from his son Yusuf caused his father prolonged grief and excessive crying, which led to temporary vision loss. On the other hand, family social support impacts our health positively and brings ‘the coolness of our eyes.’ And (the true servants of the Merciful are) those who say, “Our Lord, grant us from among our wives and offspring comfort to our eyes and make us an example for the righteous.” [25:74] Spending time with family can help reduce stress and anxiety and lengthen your life. The Quran mentions: “O humanity! Be mindful of your Lord Who created you from a single soul, and it, He created its mate, and through both, He spread countless men and women. And be mindful of Allah — in Whose Name you appeal to one another — and honor family ties. Surely Allah is ever Watchful over you.” (4:1)

Genetics

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated in a hadith that only part of the seminal fluid participates in the fertilization process: “Not all the liquid contributes to the creation of a child. And if Allah wills to create something, nothing prevents Him.” The Quran clearly states that both men and women contribute to the creation of offspring. The Quran mentions, “O, you people! Surely, We have created you from a male and a female” (Surah 49, Verse: 13). “We created humans from a drop of mingled fluid” (76:2). These two verses indicate both male and female involvement in the formation of the embryo.

Will the children be genetically more similar to their mom or dad? In a hadith, the Prophet (PBUH) mentioned competition between the male seminal fluid and the female reproductive fluid: “The reproductive substance of man is white, and that of a woman is yellow, and when they have sexual intercourse, and the male’s substance prevails upon the female’s substance, it is a male child that is created by Allah’s decree. When the substance of the female prevails upon the substance contributed by the male, a female child is formed by the decree of Allah. If a man’s liquid (semen) prevails over the liquid of a woman, the child will resemble his father. If the woman’s liquid prevails over his liquid, then the child will resemble her” (Bukhari).

The Quran mentions: “We have created everything in due measure and proportion.” Therefore, there is a way to find the probability of having a boy or a girl. Generally, it is believed that the gender of a child depends on whether the father’s sperm cell carries an X or Y sex chromosome with Allah’s permission. Does the father or the mother determine the gender of the offspring? The Quran teaches us, “To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He creates what He wills. He gives to whom He wills females [children], and He gives to whom He wills males. Or He makes them [both] males and females, and He renders whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and Competent.” (49:50)

We also learn from the Quran that “when one of them is informed of [the birth of] a female, the father’s face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief. He hides from the people because of the illness of which he has been informed. Should he keep it in humiliation or bury it in the ground? Unquestionably, evil is what they decide” (58:59). Such practice was common throughout human history, whereby many tribes used to kill newborn girls.

Gene is a unit of heredity transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. The male sperm cell carries genetic information that can be passed on to the next generation. “That is Allah: The All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. Who made everything He has created good and He began the creation of man from clay. Then He made his offspring from the semen of despised water (that contains sperm cells which carry genetic information). Then He fashioned him in due proportion, and breathed into him the soul; and He gave you hearing (ears), sight (eyes), and hearts (for reasoning). Little is the thanks you give!” [Surah As-Sajdah: 6–9]. “Then He (Allah) made his progeny of an extract of water (liquid) held in light estimation.” [32:8]

“Choose carefully for your seed. Marry those who are equivalent (or righteous) and give them in marriage” [Ibn Majah]. This hadith is genetic counseling which provides information about avoiding the risk of inheriting a disorder or a negative trait. The Prophet (PBUH) recommended that people should carefully select their spouses as undesirable traits can reappear in the next generation.

Children inherit physical and personality traits from their parents when parents pass copies of their genes to their children. In one hadith, Um Salama said, ‘Does a woman get discharged?’ Allah’s Apostle said. “Then why does a child resemble (his or her mother)?” [Bukhari]. Abdullah bin Salam asked the Prophet: “Why does a child resemble its father, and why does it resemble its maternal uncle?” The Prophet (PBUH) replied: “As for the resemblance of the child to its parents: If a man has sexual intercourse with his wife and gets discharged first, the child will resemble the father, and if the woman gets discharged first, the child will resemble her.” [Bukhari]

Generally, we get half of our genes from each parent, but the genes from our father are more dominant. Aisha (RA) commented, “I have not seen any one of Allah’s creations resemble the Messenger of Allah more in speech, conversation, and manner of sitting than (his daughter) Fatimah (RA)…” This unique father-daughter similarity indicates how genes and parenting influence one’s gait, appearance, and character.

Allah created all things in due measure and proportion, and He created good and evil. We are pre-selected humans based on our genes. Generally, healthy sperm and the future health of offspring depend on parents’ healthy eating habits and lifestyle choices (a balanced life or disciplined life). Researchers found that lifestyle choices cause epigenetic changes to the sperm. Physically active men produce children with healthier genes. The Quran mentions the story of the righteous Prophet Zachariah (PBUH), who used to pray (physically active), fast, and speak less, and got an obedient and righteous son John (PBUH) according to Allah’s preselected gene. The Quran describes: “And We granted him wisdom (genes related to intelligence) while he was still a child, as well as purity and compassion from Us. He was God-fearing and kind to his parents (genetic contribution to good behavior and personality). He was neither arrogant nor disobedient (John did not inherit these negative personality traits). Peace be upon him the day he was born (as a possible candidate for heaven with preselected good genetic traits), the day of his death (he proved himself as a perfect fit for heaven by following the guidelines of Allah in this world), and the day he will be raised back to life!” (19:12–15). These verses indicate that if a righteous man follows the right lifestyle and teaches the right path (positive parenting) to his son, he could pass on the good genes that may influence the short- and long-term health of his descendants. Leaving your legacy, beneficial knowledge, and good descendants are ongoing charities.

A pregnant woman’s diet, eating habits, lifestyle, environment, and psychological state may affect the baby’s health, metabolism, and traits. Maryam (PBUH), the mother of Prophet Isa (PBUH) and the daughter of pious Imran (PBUH) was reported to have lived in a prayer chamber alone (stayed in a clean and positive environment) and fasted for one-half of a year. She also followed the guidelines of Allah properly and ate blessed fruits. The Quran mentions the healthy eating habits of Maryam (PBUH): “…Every time Zechariah entered upon her in the prayer chamber, he found with her provision (good food). He said, “O Mary, from where is this (coming) to you?” She said, “It is from Allah. Indeed, Allah provides for whom He wills without account.” [3:37]

The Quran mentions: “So she (Maryam) conceived him (Isa) and withdrew with him to a remote place. Then the pains of labor drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. She cried, “Alas! I wish I had died before this and was a thing long forgotten!” So, a voice reassured her from below her, “Do not grieve! Your Lord has provided a stream at your feet. And shake the trunk of this palm tree towards you; it will drop fresh, ripe dates upon you. So, eat and drink (and be glad), and put your heart at ease. But if you see any of the people, say, ‘I have vowed silence to the Most Compassionate, so I am not talking to anyone today.’” (Maryam 22–26) This incident indicates that Maryam (PBUH) ate dates before giving birth to Isa (PBUH). Researchers found that pregnant women who consume dates in late pregnancy have a shorter first stage of labor, experience spontaneous labor, and their cervix is softer before delivery. Dates improve breast milk supply, and dates have natural antibacterial properties. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “No person is born without being pricked by Satan, (harmful microorganisms) and he cries from the touch of Satan, except for Maryam and her son.” [Bukhari] The attack of Satan (bacterial or viral infection) of the cells at the maternal-fetal interface can affect the fetus’s gene, which may result in inherited diseases, disorders, traits, and negative personality traits (e.g., violent, hyperactive, disobedient).

Recent research has found that violent and aggressive behavior can be inherited. For example, researchers found that CDH13 is an ADHD-related gene that is linked to violent criminality. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said to his wife Aisha (PBUH): “…Allah created for Paradise those who are fit for it while they were yet in their father’s loins and created for Hell those who are to go to Hell. He created them for Hell while they were yet in their father’s loins.” This hadith indicates a child’s negative personality traits can be influenced by genetics such as neuroticism, aggression, impulsivity, etc., which may influence the development of criminal behavior later in life. Individuals who are genetic carriers of negative traits (e.g., neuroticism, impulsivity) might have a limited capacity for empathy. Narrated Abdullah: Allah’s Apostle said, “Whenever a person is murdered unjustly, there is a share from the burden of the crime on the first son of Adam for he was the first to start the tradition of murdering.” (Bukhari) This hadith indicates that Qabil with the first “Murderer” gene might be liable for the murders of the next generation indirectly.

Due to genetic or environmental factors, some people may have an elevated risk of becoming criminals (possible candidates for hell), but many who have a predisposition to a violent gene or a criminal biological parent do not become criminals. It indicates genes alone do not cause a person to become a criminal or sinner. Therefore, genes, environmental factors, and other influences vary from person to person. On the day of Judgment, no father is accountable for his child’s wrongdoing, and no child for his father’s wrongdoing. It is mentioned in the Quran: Whoever chooses to follow the right path follows it but for his own good; and whoever goes astray, goes but astray to his own loss; and no bearer of burdens shall be made to bear another’s burden. (Quran 17:15) Allah says, “And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And if a heavily laden soul calls [another] to [carry some of] its load, nothing of it will be carried, even if he should be a close relative….” (35:18).

In science, the nature (genetics) versus nurture (environment) factor is an ongoing debate for determining fate or the final destination. Today, Allah grants scientists to alter genes in embryos and manipulate traits through technologies such as CRISPR-based genome editing. However, many environmental factors can affect traits (e.g., intelligence), such as maternal and infant health, and education. Some researchers believe that criminals are the product of their environment. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) mentioned the influence of environmental factors on the development of traits, “No babe is born but upon Fitra (innate nature or monotheistic). It is his parents who make (label) him a Jew or a Christian or a Polytheist (Parenting styles influence one’s religious identity). This hadith indicates that behavior can be learned by observing others. A person said: Allah’s Messenger, what is your opinion if they (the children who were born into Christians or Jews) were to die before that (before reaching the age of adolescence when they can distinguish between right and wrong)? He said: It is Allah alone Who knows what they would be doing (whether their personalities would be shaped by innate nature or nurture)” [Muslim]. This hadith indicates that many external factors, such as parenting styles, nutrition, education, and family environment, can affect personality development. However, learned behavior can be modified through proper guidance if Allah wills. Whoever struggles to develop virtues (e.g., patience, gratitude), practices self-control, follows the guidelines of one “true” Creator and the righteous lifestyles of Prophets properly will be successful in life and hereafter, even though they inherited few negative personality traits.

Embryology:

“O man! What has beguiled you from your Lord, the Gracious One Who created you, then made you complete, then made you symmetrical? Into whatever form He pleased, He constituted you” (Quran 82:6–8). Fetal development is an orderly process. “To Him (Allah) is referred the Knowledge of the Hour (an apocalyptic event where God makes a final judgment of all people on Earth): No date fruit comes out of its sheath, nor does a female conceive (within her womb) nor bring forth the Day that (Allah) will propound to them the (question), “Where are the partners you attributed to Me?” They will say, “We do assure you not one of us can bear witness!” [Surah Fussilat, 47]. The germinal stage begins at conception.

The embryonic stage lasts from about the third week of pregnancy until the eighth week of pregnancy. The Quran mentions: “O people! If you are in doubt about the Resurrection, We created you from dust, then from a small drop, then from a clinging clot, then from a lump of flesh, featureless and with features. In order to clarify things for you. And We settle in the wombs whatever We will for a designated term, and then We bring you out as infants until you reach your full strength. And some of you will pass away, and some of you will be returned to the vilest age, so that he may not know after having known. And you see the earth still; but when We send down water on it, it vibrates, swells, and grows all kinds of lovely pairs” (22:5). Facial features develop between the second and third months; before the fetus is featureless. This verse indicates the featureless (غَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ) and features (مُخَلَّقَةٍ”) of a fetus: “Then We developed the semen into a leech. Then We developed the leech into a lump. Then We developed the lump into bones. Then We clothed the bones with flesh. Then We produced it into another feature. Most Blessed is Allah, the Best of Creators” (23:14). The first formation of actual bones happens at the jawbone after day 40. The facial features form after the second month. Structures and organs like the neural tube, head, eyes, mouth, and limbs form, and the heart develops. “He (Allah) is the One Who created for you hearing, sight, and intellect. Yet you hardly give any thanks.” (23:78)

Allah assigns angels to assist development in the womb. Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet said, “Allah has appointed an angel in the womb, and the angel (microbes) says, ‘O Lord! A drop of discharge (i.e. of semen), O Lord! a clot, O Lord! a piece of flesh.’ And then, if Allah wishes to complete the child’s creation, the angel will say. ‘O Lord! A male or a female? (determination of sex chromosomes XX and XY) O Lord! wretched or blessed (in religion)? What will his livelihood be? What will his age be?’ The angel writes all this while the child is in the womb of its mother.” [Bukhari] This hadith indicates our future (genetic information or fate) is written in DNA before birth.

Another hadith mentions: “Each one of you collected in the womb of his mother for forty days, and then turns into a clot for an equal period (of forty days) and turns into a piece of flesh for a similar period (of forty days) and then Allah sends an angel and orders him to write four things, i.e., his provision, his age, and whether he will be of the wretched or the blessed (in the Hereafter). Then the soul is breathed into him. And by Allah, a person among you (or a man) may do deeds of the people of the Fire till there is only a cubit or an arm-breadth distance between him and the Fire, but then that writing (which Allah has ordered the angel to write) precedes, and he does the deeds of the people of Paradise and enters it; and a man may do the deeds of the people of Paradise till there is only a cubit or two between him and Paradise, and then that writing precedes and he does the deeds of the people of the Fire and enters it.” (Bukhari) Here “the soul is breathed into him” indicates the souls enter the body after forty days. Remember, “You” are not your body; “You” are the soul of the children of Adam, and your worldly body is a temporary clothing (covering) of your soul. How is a soul created? Some people believe the soul is energy, and others believe the soul is matter. To me, a soul is like air that acts like a fluid (water). A hadith mentions that when a believer is about to leave the world, his soul comes out as a drop flows from a water skin. (Mishkat al-Masabih) Imam Razi interprets the soul as metaphorical, stating that the nature of the spirit is such that, once it is created in the body, it spreads to every part of the body, just as air that is breathed into a vessel. Hence according to him, there was no literal “breathing” that took place. And Allah knows best.

Allah also teaches us through the Quran how to identify miscarriage risks by observing uterus shapes. In the Quran, it is mentioned: “Allah knows what every female carries and what the wombs lose or exceed. And everything with Him is by due measure” (Surah Rad 13:8). An abnormal uterus shape can sometimes be a risk factor for miscarriage and preterm birth. The risk of miscarriage is significant for women with a septate uterus. Women with a bicornuate uterus can lead to an increased risk of preterm labor. A unicornuate uterus or horn-shaped uterus increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and preterm delivery. Sometimes women who have a T-shaped uterus experience recurrent miscarriage. Some reproductive-age women have uterine fibroids which can cause miscarriage or other pregnancy complications. Allah sets everything with a measure. For example, a woman is considered to be in the active stage of labor once the cervix dilates to around 0.5 cm per hour up to 0.7 cm per hour. The ideal frequency of contractions will be about 2 to 3 minutes apart, lasting 60 to 90 seconds. Once the baby is born, it takes about six weeks for the uterus to return to its nonpregnant size and for the cervix to return to its pre-pregnancy state.

When the mother of Maryam (PBUH) prayed for a child whom she wanted to dedicate and devote to Allah’s worship, Allah granted her a daughter. When she (the mother of Maryam) delivered, she said, “My Lord! I have given birth to a girl,” — and Allah fully knew what she had delivered — “and the male is not like her. I have named her Mary, and I seek Your protection for her and her offspring from Satan (possible harmful and infectious microorganisms), the accursed.” [3:36] “And the male is not like her” — this verse indicates that the chromosomes of Maryam (PBUH) might be different than others.

The Quran confirms that a woman can reproduce asexually in rare circumstances which is known as parthenogenesis or virgin birth. “Recite in the Book the account of Mary when she withdrew from her people to a place towards the east; and drew a curtain, screening herself from people whereupon We sent to her Our spirit and he appeared to her as a well-shaped man. Mary exclaimed: “I surely take refuge from you with the Most Compassionate Lord if you are at all God-fearing.” He said: “I am just a message-bearer of your Lord, I have come to grant you a most pure boy.” Mary said: “How can a boy be born to me when no man has even touched me, nor have I ever been unchaste?” The angel said: “Thus shall it be. Your Lord says: ‘It is easy for Me, and We shall do so in order to make him a Sign for mankind and a mercy from Us. This has been decreed.’ “ Then she conceived him and withdrew with him to a far-off place.” (19:16–23)

Many species reproduce without mating, such as New Mexico whiptail, mice, fruit flies, and Komodo dragons. Sometimes virgin birth can be observed in zoo animals when a female animal is isolated for a long time without a mate. Like Maryam (PBUH), the mother of Prophet Isa (PBUH), few virgin women claimed to give birth to children without fertilization by sperm. The offspring of a virgin birth is genetically very similar to the mother, but he is not an exact clone of his mother. Allah is Most Capable of everything.

Longevity and the Importance of Family Relationships:

We are social creatures. The Quran mentions, “Indeed, We created you from a male and a female and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may get to know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous among you. Allah is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware” (Surah Hujurat, 13). Positive family support is deemed the most effective social support, potentially enhancing both cellular and mental health. Anas reported the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) as saying: “Anyone who is pleased that his sustenance is expanded and his age extended should do kindness to his near relatives” [Sunan Abu Dawood]. The cell-cell communication between blood relatives may improve their immune function and longevity. Research indicates that individuals with strong social support, reduced isolation, and higher interpersonal trust tend to live longer and healthier lives compared to socially isolated counterparts. Contemporary research suggests a connection between the grandfather’s limited food supply and the extended lifespan of his grandchildren, while abundant food is associated with a shortened lifespan (e.g., heart disease). Future researchers may study whether the epigenetic mechanisms of parents or grandparents capture nutritional or longevity information to pass on to the next generation.

The Quran teaches humanity how to pray to God for parents: “My Lord, have mercy upon my parents as they brought me up [when I was] small.” (Surah Isra, 24). It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: The Messenger of Allah (Blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “There are three prayers that will undoubtedly be answered: the prayer of one who has been wronged; the prayer of the traveler; and the prayer of a father concerning his child.” (Narrated by at-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood) This hadith indicates how cells of parents or children communicate with each other through prayers (supplications). I believe cell signaling has enough power to reach the cells of the children or parents like cellphones.

A gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. Children inherit genes from their parents. Therefore, they are considered the wealth of their parents. The teaching of Allah’s messenger Muhammad (PBUH) guides us on the rights and duties of parents. A man asked the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), “Who is most deserving of my good company?” The Prophet said, “Your mother.” The man asked, “Then who?” The Prophet said “Your mother.” The man asked again, “Then who?” The Prophet said, “Your mother.” The man asked again, “Then who?” The Prophet said, “Your father” (Sahih al Bukhari). This hadith shows the wisdom of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as men inherit more DNA from their mothers than their fathers. But why was Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) mentioned three times for his mother as a good companion? These hadith remind us of three significant roles of a mother we should appreciate as well as it is also mentioned in the Quran: 1) “His mother carried him in weakness upon weakness,” and 2) “gave birth to him in hardship,” and 3) “And the carrying of the child to his weaning is thirty months (gradual replacement of breastfeeding with other foods and ways of nurturing)” [46:15].”We have enjoined on man kindness to his parents; in pain did his mother bear him, and in pain did she give him birth” (46:15).

Having a baby can certainly be an excessive nutritional demand on Mom — especially in the early ages of a child. The Quran (2:233) calls on fathers to sponsor the child’s nursing by providing food and clothing (financial responsibility) for the child’s mother for two years. However, it allows for earlier weaning of the child by mutual consent of both mother and father. “Mothers shall suckle their children for two whole years; (that is) for those who wish to complete the suckling. The duty of feeding and clothing nursing mothers in a seemingly manner is upon the father of the child. No one should be charged beyond his capacity. A mother should not be made to suffer because of her child, nor should he to whom the child is born (be made to suffer) because of his child. And on the (father’s) heir is incumbent the like of that (which was incumbent on the father). If they desire to wean the child by mutual consent and (after) consultation, it is no sin for them; and if ye wish to give your children out to nurse, it is no sin for you, provided that ye pay what is due from you in kindness. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is Seer of what ye do” (2:233). Breastfeeding experience has been linked to improved cognitive abilities, facilitated brain development, and reduced risk for antisocial behaviors. There are very few illnesses when a mother cannot breastfeed. To avoid developing a vitamin D deficiency, foster mothers can breastfeed the child. “And if you decide on a foster mother for your offspring, there is no blame on you, provided you pay (the foster mother) what you offered, on equitable terms” (2:233).

Researchers believe that a breastfed mom’s brain is wired to care for her newborn, so when her baby cries, her milk may begin to flow. In 2011, Kim and his colleagues suggested the link between breastfeeding, maternal brain response to own infant stimuli, and maternal sensitivity (empathy) in the early postpartum. The Quran confirms the importance of breastfeeding and offers close breastfeeding mother-infant contact and social-emotional development. The Quran mentions that infant Musa (PBUH) refused to take breast milk from a few wet nurses. But when infant Musa was put on his own biological mom’s breast, he immediately started suckling. Researchers also found that the cells in breast milk are alive with mom’s cells. Breastfeeding may result in genetic material from the mother being passed on to babies. Islam recommends selecting the characteristics (e.g., history of psychological illnesses, characters) and checking the background of the women who will breastfeed the child.

The Quran emphasizes the importance of family ties because family relationships will strengthen community vitality and future generations. Allah says, “Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honor. And out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility, and say: ‘My Lord! bestow on them Thy Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood”(17:23–24). As we inherit genes and chromosomes from our parents, we have rights over our parents and our parents have rights over us. Abu Usaid Saidi said: We were once sitting with Rasulullah when a man from the tribe of Salmah came and said to him: “O Messenger of Allah! Do my parents have rights over me even after they have died?” And Rasulullah said: “Yes. You must pray to Allah to bless them with His Forgiveness and Mercy, fulfill the promises they made to anyone, and respect their relations and their friends” (Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah). Abu Ad-Darda, RadhiAllahu Anhu, reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said: “The father is the middle of the gates of Paradise, so keep this gate or lose it.” [Sunan Ibn Majah] and “Your Heaven lies under the feet of your mother” (Ahmad, Nasai).

Parents, spouses, and children are considered our wealth and blessings from our Creator to find love and comfort. No individual can become self-sufficient. Allah created us to love one another to build a family, and many families develop a sense of social community and brotherhood between neighbors. Many communities build a nation, brotherhood, and tribal affiliations. But the strongest brotherhood builds based on the belief or faith in serving one Creator rather than blood. When Allah sent the punishment, “Noah called out to his son, who stood apart, ‘O my dear son! Come aboard with us and do not be with the disbelievers.’ He replied, ‘I will take refuge on a mountain, which will protect me from the water.’ Noah cried, ‘Today no one is protected from Allah’s decree except those to whom He shows mercy!’ And the waves came between them, and his son was among the drowned.” (11:42–43) “And Noah called upon his Lord and said, ‘O my Lord, surely my son is of my family, and Your promise is true, and You are the Most Just of Judges.’ Allah replied, ‘O Noah! He is certainly not of your family — he was entirely of unrighteous conduct. So, do not ask Me about what you have no knowledge of! I warn you so you do not fall into ignorance.’ (11:45–46) Is it possible for a son not to have the father’s DNA?

While women do inherit nearly 50% of their DNA from each parent, men inherit about 51% from their mothers and 49% from their fathers. But DNA inheritance may be influenced by other factors, and it varies from person to person. Recent research found that the amount of DNA we share with a biological sibling is approximately 50 percent. DNA testing of parents or siblings of deceased individuals assists in the identity of dead bodies. Allah mentions “As ordained by Allah, blood relatives are more entitled to inheritance than [others], unless you [want to] show kindness to your [close] associates [through bequest]. This is decreed in the Record (DNA)” [Al-Ahzab: 6]. “And give the relative his right, and [also] the poor and the traveler, and do not spend wastefully” (17: 26).

In order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, Allah encourages marriage to discourage immorality. “You shall encourage those of you who are single to get married. They may marry the righteous among your male and female servants if they are poor. Allah will enrich them with His grace. Allah is Bounteous, Knower.” [25:74]. And they (believers) say, “Our Lord, let our spouses and children be a source of joy for us, and keep us in the forefront of the righteous” (25:74). “And one of His signs (the existence of the creator) is that Allah has created for you, spouses from among yourselves so that you might take comfort in them and He has placed between you, love and mercy. In this, there is surely evidence (of the truth) for the people who carefully think.” (30:21). This verse indicates that “Allah has created females from among men.” Generally, Men are XY and Women are XX.

Today some researchers believe that creating a female version of a man is possible by replacing the Y chromosome with a second copy of the existing X chromosome. This female version could not be his genetic sister since the woman has no X component from the father which biological sisters would inherit. This theory suggests that the first female was the version of his male partner. Do you think Hawa was a clone technically? In the Quran, spouses are described as each other’s garments (cover, body, reflection, clothing, cells). “Fear Allah concerning women (wives)! Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of Allah. You too have rights over them, and they should not allow anyone to sit on your bed [i.e., not let them into the house] whom you do not like. But if they do that, you can chastise them but not severely. Their rights upon you are that you should provide them with food and clothing in a fitting manner” (Narrated by Muslim, 1218). “And they (women) have rights similar (to those of their husbands) over them to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them [Al-Baqarah 228].

In a Hadith, Allah’s Apostle said to stop putting too much pressure on women, “Treat women nicely, for women are created from a rib, and the most curved portion of the rib is its upper portion, so, if you should try to straighten it (with too much force), it will break, but if you leave it as it is, it will remain crooked. So, treat women nicely.” (Bukhari) This hadith indicates how the first female might create by extracting DNA from Adam’s rib bone. Ribs can regenerate themselves by the commands of Allah. The first female likely inherited some of Adam’s genetic information but they are not equal in nature. It is reported by Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and At-Tirmidhi that the Prophet said: “…Women are the twin halves of men,” meaning their likes and equals as if they are their own brothers, and because Hawa was created from Adam. A new person can be generated from a copy of a single cell from the selected organism in asexual reproduction if Allah wills. Did Hawa share half of Adam’s genome? Allah knows the best!

Not all DNA is created equal. Generally, men inherit a Y chromosome from their fathers, and fathers pass down a Y chromosome to their sons. Males have both mitochondrial DNA and a Y chromosome to trace their maternal and paternal ancestry. Recent research has shown that genes from our father are more dominant than those inherited from our mother. A hadith mentions that on the Day of Resurrection, the people will be called by their father’s names. In Sunan Abi Dawood (4948) it is narrated with a jayyid isnaad from Abul-Darda that he said: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: “You will be called on the Day of Resurrection by your names and the names of your fathers, so choose good names for yourselves.” Allah says, “[As for your adopted children,] call them by their [biological] fathers’ names: this is more equitable in the sight of the creator; and if you know not who their fathers were, [call them] your brethren in faith and your friends….” (33:5). Females with mitochondrial DNA but no Y chromosome can only trace their maternal ancestry. Her husband’s name can identify a woman to show she is a part of her husband’s family (e.g., “The wife of Pharaoh” was mentioned in Surah At-Tahrim, 11). Still, it is better not to change her surname after marriage (e.g., Faṭima bint Muḥammad, Aishah bint Abi Bakr) because it will prevent her true identity and family origin. Islam discourages anyone from cutting off biological family ties, practically or in the name.

In Islam, mahram refers to prohibited marriage partners because of the nature of the relationship (e.g., the relation through blood, breastfeeding, marriage). The Quran mentions: “And tell the believing women to reduce [some] of their vision and guard their private parts and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests and not expose their adornment except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands’ fathers, their sons, their husbands’ sons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons, their sisters’ sons, their women, that which their right hands possess, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the private aspects of women. And let them not stamp their feet to make known what they conceal of their adornment. And turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, O believers, that you might succeed.” (24:31)

I think mahram by blood can be considered as DNA relatives who share approximately 25% or more of their DNA with you. Do the genetic relationships of your DNA relatives impact your life expectancy? Future researchers may also explore which genes and how they contribute to longevity.

Who are your mahrams?

Your descendants (son, grandson, great-grandson, etc.)
Your ascendants (father, grandfather, etc.)
Your parents’ descendants (your brother, your brothers’ sons, your sisters’ sons, half-siblings)
The first generation of your grandparents’ offspring (uncle and aunt by blood).
Your husband’s ascendants and descendants
Breastfeeding children

Interestingly, half-siblings share a similar percentage of DNA as a grandparent and grandchild. Current research suggests that if you marry someone who is closely related to you, there is a higher likelihood of having a child with disorders. However, adopted sons, male cousins, and aunts’ husbands are not mahrams for females.

If we marry our biological relatives, we will lose our collective identity as the children of Adam. Unity between the children of Adam is necessary for existence. “O mankind, Verily We have created you from a single (Pair) of a male and a female, and have made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other. Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Almighty Allah is the most righteous” (Quran 49:13). Through marriage, spouses will become mahrams. Future studies need to investigate whether spouses share genes and DNA over time. In 2013, researchers found that married couples have more similar gene profiles than random people. The mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, and daughter-in-law will also become mahrams. But the brother-in-law or sister-in-law is not Mahram. A hadith indicates one can be attracted to her brother-in-law: ‘Uqba b. Amir reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: “Beware of getting into the houses and meeting women (in seclusion).” A person from the Ansar said: “Allah’s Messenger, what about the husband’s brother?” Whereupon he said: “The husband’s brother is like death.” [Muslim]

A mahram relationship can be established through five definite breastfeeding sessions. Breastfeeding moms can transfer their genetic materials, such as exosomes, stem cells, and messenger RNA to the child through human milk. If the adopted child is not breastfed, then he or she will remain non-mahram to the new family. A hadith mentions that the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) instructed the wife of Abu Hudhayfah to breastfeed (their freed slave or adopted son) Salim who lived with them and attained puberty so that he would become a mahram to her and enter their house freely. The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) said to her: “Suckle him, and you would become unlawful for him, and (the dislike) which Abu Hudhayfa feels in his heart will disappear.” Can fathers share cellular components of human milk through their chromosomes? It is narrated in the Tabaqat of ibn Sad that the wife of Abu Hudhayfah would pour her breast milk into a utensil each day for five continuous days, and Salim would drink from it. He did not directly drink from the breast of Sahla.

Men and women are two different creations, even though both are the souls of the children of Adam. The differences between the sexes in body composition are: Males typically have proportionately more muscle mass, more bone mass, and larger brains, hearts, and a lower percentage of body fat than women. Women tend to see colors better than men. Men and women do not process sound in the same way. Women’s verbal memory is often better than men’s, while men’s visuospatial memory tends to be better than those of women. Women and men can experience pain in different ways. Both men and women are held in honorable status according to their good actions in the Islamic faith.

The Quran clearly states: “Men shall have a share in what parents and kinsfolk leave behind, and women shall have a share in what parents and kinsfolk leave behind” (Quran 4:7). Why does a son receive double the share of a daughter? According to Islam, a man must spend on his wife, according to his means, and he does not have the right to force her to pay for her own expenses, even if she is rich, except with her agreement. At the wedding, mahr is the mandatory gift that a Muslim man gives to his wife. Future studies may explore whether men and women are entitled to the right of inheritance in Islam based on how much they share paternal DNA and Genes or not. Allah’s laws are reflected everywhere. Even a mother’s milk composition is dynamic, and differences occur in the concentration of lipids and calcium in the breast milk of male and female breastfeeding mothers. Not all breast milk is equal because mothers produce breast milk with significant variations in nutrient content for male and female babies. Evidence reveals that breast milk contents differ when produced for a male or female baby. While the carbohydrate content was nearly identical in both sample types, a recent research study has shown that male babies receive higher lipids (fats) and calcium levels than female babies. Because males have higher muscular content than females, they require more fat and protein.

Allah brings us into existence. What He wills [has occurred]; there is no power except in Allah. Allah created all from nothing, Adam and Eve, and a child in the name of Isa (PBUH) without a father. Allah says “be,” and the new creation will be created. Therefore, our Creator deserves more love than our parents and relatives. “We have enjoined on man and woman kindness to parents; but if they (either of them) strive (to force) thee to join with Me anything of which thou hast no knowledge, obey them not” (Quran 29:8). Today artificial sperms and wombs offer new means of reproduction. Allah creates whatever He wants. He can create His creations without parents, so our Creator has more rights over us than anybody else. Allah has the right to worship as He deserves to be worshipped and praised for His attributes and qualities. We have an obligation and responsibility to fulfill our Creator’s rights more than any other else’s rights. Allah does not need anyone to help Him! The right of our Creator is to obey His commands for our own benefit!

Monotheism Lives in You

Some researchers believe that our faith is hardwired into our genes. They propose the existence of a “God gene.” We are born with an innate belief in one Creator and are designed to worship Him. According to an Oxford University psychologist, infants are hard-wired to believe in God, and atheism has to be learned. Developmental psychologists have also found that children are naturally more inclined to believe in God than adults. A hadith states: “There is none born but is created with his true nature (submission to God). It is his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian, just as beasts produce their young with their limbs perfect. Do you see anything deficient in them? Then he quoted the Quran, ‘The nature made by Allah in which He has created men, there is no altering of Allah’s creation; that is the right religion” (ar-Rum:30; Sahih Muslim).

Religion cannot be inherited. Religious customs can be learned or influenced by others. The Quran advises mankind not to follow their parents’ religion blindly (5:104–5:105). “Whenever someone tells them: ‘Follow what Allah (God) has sent down (the Quran),’ they say: ‘Rather, we will follow what we discovered our forefathers (parents) were doing,’ even though their forefathers did not use reason in any way nor were they guided. The example of such disbelievers is that of parrots who repeat what they hear of sounds and calls, without understanding. Deaf, dumb, and blind; they cannot understand.” [2:170–171] Indeed, that is My Path — perfectly straight. So, follow it and do not follow other ways, for they will lead you away from His Way. This is what He has commanded you, so perhaps you will be conscious of Allah.” (6:153) “And whoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart. Allah is All-Knowing about everything.” (64:11) Yes, the truth in our genes and finding the truth set us free. When your heart recognizes the truth and belief in the existence of one God Who created us, which is hidden inside you, falsehood will demolish that which was generated by your brain. And declare, “The truth has come and falsehood has vanished. Indeed, falsehood is bound to vanish.” (17:81)

Science of Burying

Allah has gifted temporary bodies to the souls of the children of Adam. You do not own your body; you are a steward of your body. Human dignity is a right given by Allah to all humans, regardless of whether they are dead or alive. Our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us to respect the dead body of a Muslim. According to the teaching of Allah and His messengers, cremation of the body is strictly forbidden. The Quran promotes the science of burying, which is better for the environment. When we die, this earth, which has carried us, shouldn’t we give back what we have left? After burying, dead bodies become natural fertilizer for soil and trees. Trees produce oxygen and clean carbon dioxide out of the air that humans breathe. That’s the recycling process of the deceased on the earth. Every living being is connected, and we all are dependent on one Creator.

On the other hand, cremation can be carried out by burning wood or machines. Cutting down trees can affect the loss of habitat for animal species, which can harm ecosystems and cause global warming. The gases (SOx, NOx, CO) and toxic organic volatiles produced by cremation can lead to environmental problems and further threaten health. As humans, we provide benefits to planet Earth even in death.

The Miracle of DNA:

“Nothing occurs, either on Earth or within yourselves, that was not set down in writing before We brought it into being — that is easy for Allah” (Quran 57: 22). DNA is a macromolecule located in the nucleus of every cell in our body. It may contain more than millions of pieces of information and encodes biological instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of an organism. DNA is a script of instructions (commands) from our Creator. There are millions of alphabet letters (codes) that can appear in the human genome, used to write instructions. Each code is a unique combination of letters. One of these code words, the ‘start signal,’ initiates all sequences, while others act as ‘stop signals’ indicating the end of a message. As mentioned in the Quran, “When Allah wills to (originate or create) a thing, He only says to it: ‘Be,’ (an instruction or a command) and it becomes” (6:73). Muqatta’at (mysterious letters of the Quran, such as “Alif Lam Mim”), might carry the hint of the Creator’s instructions. These mysterious letters could also be genetic code letters or elements (e.g., Aluminum — symbol Al, Lanthanum — symbol La, Magnesium — symbol Mg). And Allah knows best!

“(Allah is the One) Who created you, then made you complete, then made you symmetrical.” [82.7] Our DNA is a systematic and long-lasting source. “The coding regions of DNA,” explains Dr. Stephen Meyer, “have exactly the same relevant properties as a computer code or language,” as quoted by Strobel (p. 237). In their actual size, which is only two-millionths of a millimeter thick, a teaspoon of DNA, according to molecular biologist Michael Denton, could contain all the information needed to build the proteins for all species of organisms that have ever lived on Earth, and “there would still be enough room left for all the information in every book ever written” (Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, 1996, p. 334).

DNA is the book of life and death. Researchers found that memories in our DNA could keep a permanent record of our life. “Allah has ordained [the destiny] of the creation fifty thousand years before He created the skies and the earth” (Sahih Muslim). The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Each one of you is collected in the womb of his mother for forty days, and then turns into a clot for an equal period (of forty days) and turns into a piece of flesh for a similar period (of forty days) and then Allah sends an angel and orders him to write four things, i.e., his provision, his age, and whether he will be of the wretched or the blessed (with predetermined genetic traits). Then the soul is breathed into him. And by Allah, a person among you (or a man) may do deeds of the people of the Fire until there is only a cubit or an arm-breadth distance between him and the Fire, but then that writing (which Allah has ordered the angel to write) precedes, and he does the deeds of the people of Paradise and enters it; and a man may do the deeds of the people of Paradise until there is only a cubit or two between him and Paradise, and then that writing precedes and he does the deeds of the people of the Fire.” Another hadith mentions: “There is none of you, nor any created soul, who does not have his place written for him in Jannah or Jahannam and whether he will be wretched or fortunate.” A man said, ‘O Allah’s messenger, should we then rely on what is written for us and abandon carrying out good deeds, and whomsoever is from the fortunate ones will get the actions of the fortunate, and whomsoever is from the wretched will get the actions of the wretched? The Prophet (PBUH) said: [No, carry out good actions], As for the fortunate ones, good deeds will be made easy for them to carry out, and as for the wretched ones, evil actions will be made easy for them” (Sahih Bukhari).

Ali (RA), when asked about taqdeer (fate/ predestination/ genetic predisposition towards a particular trait), said to the questioner, “Lift up your one leg.” When he lifted it up, he again said, “Now lift up your other one also.” He replied that it was not in his power. Then Ali (RA) replied that it was the reality of taqdeer (fate). The wisdom of Ali (RA) indicates that humans are not capable of controlling all predestined matters (inherited traits) but can put effort. For example, anger can run in families, but you can manage your anger through self-control and patience. To me, the preselected gene is not your final destination but your deeds because much of your DNA is in your own hands — in your diet, habits, and external factors in your environment.

Everyone has unique DNA; therefore, it is considered a perfect genetic fingerprint to identify and distinguish any person from others. DNA is recoverable from the human body after death. DNA is one of the miracles created by Allah that describes who the Creator ordained you to be. The form common to all living organisms is a right-handed double helix (B-DNA) and a left-handed double helix (Z-DNA). On the Day of Resurrection, the Quran mentions that some souls will take their books in their right hands, containing the record of their deeds, and some will take their books in their left hands from behind their backs. “Then as for him who will be given his Record in his right hand will say: ‘Here! read my Record! ‘Surely, I did believe that I shall meet my Account!’ So, he shall be in a life, well pleasing. In a lofty Paradise, the fruits in bunches whereof will be low and near at hand. Eat and drink at ease for that which you have sent on before you in days past! But as for him who will be given his Record in his left hand, will say: ‘I wish that I had not been given my Record! ‘And that I had never known how my Account is! ‘Would that it had been my end (death)!” [69:19–27] “But those who disbelieved in Our Ayaat (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), they are those on the Left Hand (the dwellers of Hell)” [90:19] These verses provide hints about the roles of left-handed double helix formation in the human genome and its association with actions.

DNA Preservation and Storage

The best example of DNA preservation is the story of Prophet Nuh (PBUH), mentioned in the Quran. As the people became more obstinate and refused to accept Allah’s guidelines, accusing Prophet Nuh (PBUH) of falsehood, Allah decided to bring down His punishment upon the unbelievers. Prophet Nuh (PBUH) was commanded: “Construct the Ark within Our sight and under Our guidance. Then when Our command comes, and the fountains of the earth gush forth, take on board pairs of every species, male and female, and your people, except those of them against whom the Word has already been issued: and do not address Me in respect of those who are unjust; for verily, they shall be drowned (in the flood)” [Quran, 23:27]. Here, “take on board pairs of every species, male and female, and your people” indicates that Nuh (PBUH) collected and preserved the tissues, cells, and DNA of animal species (with pairs of microbes), as well as human beings, and all animals almost vanished from Earth except Prophet Nuh (PBUH) and his followers. Today, the Frozen Ark has the vision to collect, preserve, and conserve tissue, gametes, viable cells, and DNA of animal species facing extinction. Soon, the CryoArks Biobank will be the national bank of frozen animal material where animal DNA will be frozen.

Bringing the Dead Back to Life

The Quran mentions how Allah brought back the Prophet Uzair (PBUH) to life after death. “Or [consider such an example] as the one who passed by a township which had fallen into ruin. He said, “How will Allah bring this to life after its death?” So, Allah caused him to die for a hundred years; then He revived him. He said, “How long have you remained?” The man said, “I have remained a day or part of a day.” He said, “Rather, you have remained one hundred years. Look at your food and your drink; it has not changed with time. And look at your donkey, and We will make you a sign for the people. And look at the bones [of this donkey] — how We raise them and then We cover them with flesh.” And when it became clear to him, he said, “I know that Allah is over all things competent.” (2:259). Here, the Quran tells us to observe the bones or fossils of a 100-year-old dead donkey as the Quran says “And look at your donkey, and We will make you a sign for the people. And look at the bones [of this donkey] — how We raise them and then We cover them with flesh.” Today, ancient DNA can be recovered from a bone that belongs to a 100-year-old donkey. DNA can survive almost 100 years in the bones of dead animals (donkeys). DNA carries the genetic code, a set of instructions that helps bodies grow and thrive. Today some researchers believe extinct species can be brought back to life using clone technology (if DNA samples can be recovered) and reproduce after being frozen for many years. Recently, scientists inserted edited DNA from an extinct species into the nucleus of a reproducing cell to resurrect species.

The Quranic verse (2:259) also indicates that it is crucial to control water activity to maintain the shelf life of food and control the growth of bacteria. Similarly, water activity nurtures cell behavior and development. Researchers found that adding water or removing water from a stem cell can change the destiny of the cell. They suggested that in stem cells, removing water condenses the cell, influencing the stem cells to become stiff pre-bone cells, while adding water causes the cells to swell, forming soft pre-fat cells. The Quran mentions: “And among His signs is that you see the earth devoid of life, but as soon as We send down rain upon it, it begins to stir to life and swell. Indeed, the One Who revives it can easily revive the dead. He is certainly Most Capable of everything.” (41:39)

The disbelievers in resurrection say: “(That) when we die and become dust and bones, will we really be brought to judgment?” [37:53] “We know what the earth diminishes of them, and with Us is” (50:4) “O humanity! If you are in doubt about the Resurrection, then know that We did create you from dust, then from a sperm drop, then developed you into a clinging clot of blood, then a lump of flesh — fully formed or unformed — in order to demonstrate Our power to you. Then We settle whatever embryo We will in the womb for an appointed term, then bring you forth as infants, so that you may reach your prime. Some of you may die young, while others are left to reach the most feeble stage of life so that they may know nothing after having known much. And you see the earth lifeless, but as soon as We send down rain upon it, it begins to stir to life and swell, producing every type of pleasant plant.” (22:5)

Allah nurtures the bodies of the martyrs. “Never say that those martyred in the cause of Allah are dead — in fact, they are alive! But you do not perceive it.” (2:154–155) “Those who leave their homes in the cause of Allah, and are then slain or die, — On them will Allah bestow verily a goodly Provision: Truly Allah is He Who bestows the best provision.” (22:58)

Resurrection Science:

The Quran confirms the possibility of the resurrection of long-dead bodies: “How can you disbelieve in Allah? Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you death, then again will bring you to life (on the Day of Resurrection), and then unto Him, you will return.” [2:28] “It is He Who gave you life, and then will cause you to die, and will again give you life (on the Day of Resurrection). Verily, man is indeed ungrateful” [22:66] “Out of it [dust] We have created you, to it, We shall return you, and out of it, We shall bring you out a second time.” (20: 55) “Does man (a disbeliever) think that We shall not assemble his bones? But indeed, We are, even after they have been scattered or reduced to dust. Yes, We are able to put together in perfect order the tips of his fingers.” [75:3–4] “Is not He (Allah Who is) able to give life to the dead? (Yes! He is able to do all things).” [75:40]

The life cycles of humans and plants are similar in that they begin with birth and end with death. Plants can produce a new plant from a single cell. Similarly, humans start life as single-cell organisms (zygotes). The Quran compares human resurrection with the resurrection of plants: “Thus We bring back to life the dead earth, and the coming back to life of the dead on the day of resurrection shall be similar.” (50:11) “Allah brings you forth from the ground like the plants, and He will then cause you to return to the earth. Then He will bring you forth once again from the earth” (71:17–18). It was narrated that Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allah (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘What is between the two Trumpet-blasts will be forty.’ Somebody asked, ‘Forty days?’ But I could not answer. Then he asked, ‘Forty months?’ But I could not answer. Then he asked, ‘Forty years?’ But I could not answer.” Abu Hurairah added, ‘Then (after this period) Allah will send water from the sky, and then the dead bodies will grow as vegetation grows. There is nothing of the human body that does not decay except one bone; that is the little bone at the end of the coccyx from which the human body will be recreated on the Day of Resurrection.’ [Narrated by al-Bukhari, Muslim] This hadith indicates that genomic material (DNA) in the little bone at the end of the coccyx plays a role in bringing the dead back into existence.

Does Allah recreate our bodies on the Day of Resurrection? “And they say: What! when we have become lost in the earth, shall we then certainly be in a new creation? Nay! They are disbelievers in the meeting of their Lord. Say: The angel of death who is given charge of you shall cause you to die, then to your Lord, you shall be brought back.” (32:10–11) Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Prophet said, “You will be gathered (on the Day of Judgment), barefooted, naked and not circumcised.” He then recited: ‘As We began the first creation, We shall repeat it: A Promise We have undertaken: Truly we shall do it.’ [Quran 21:104; Bukhari]

“Allah is He Who created you, then provided food for you, then will cause you to die, then (again) He will give you life (on the Day of Resurrection). Are there any of your (so-called) partners (of Allah) that do anything of that? Glory be to Him! And Exalted be He above all that (evil) they associate (with Him)” [30:40] Can scientists resurrect the dead? The immortality of our biological body is impossible. But future scientists may find a way to download our DNA, memory, and preferences or information contained in our brains into supercomputers or robots. But this copy (preserved information) is not you because you are the “soul” of the children of Adam. True resurrection is only possible through the return of the soul to your physical body. Today, some people believe in the false messiah Dajjal who might be a magic expert (applying advanced knowledge), will bring dead people back to life with the assistance of jinn (possible bad microbes). “Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) told us a long narrative about Ad-Dajjal, and among the many things he mentioned was his saying, “Ad-Dajjal will come, and it will be forbidden for him to pass through the entrances of Madina. He will land in some of the salty barren areas (outside) Madina; on that day the best man or one of the best men will come up to him and say, ‘I testify that you are the same Dajjal whose description was given to us by Allah’s Messenger (PBUH).’ Ad-Dajjal will say to the people, ‘If I kill this man and bring him back to life again, will you doubt my claim?’ They will say, ‘No.’ Then Ad-Dajjal will kill that man and bring him back to life. That man will say, ‘Now I know your reality better than before.’ Ad-Dajjal will say, ‘I want to kill him but I cannot.’” [Sahih Al-Bukhari]

Gene Editing Technology:

Remember when your Lord said to the angels, “I am going to place a successive authority (human) on Earth” (Surah 2:30). Allah grants the children of Adam the knowledge and ability to dominate life on Earth, which is why today, scientists can re-engineer, edit, and reprogram the creations of Allah. However, re-engineering and editing skills do not make us the Creator. Allah, the Exalted, ordered us to look at the origin of our own creation. The Quran mentions: “So let the man see from what he is created! He is created from a water gushing forth. Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs. Verily, He is able to bring him back (to life)!” (Surah At Tariq, 5–8).

The Quran teaches us how gene editing technologies could be applied to solve crimes. A deceased boy’s relatives came to the Prophet Musa (PBUH) and asked for his assistance in tracing the boy’s murderer. Prophet Musa (PBUH) was given advanced knowledge on how to bring back the dead, so he instructed them to slaughter a specific cow, remove its tongue, and place it on the corpse. So, he said: “Strike him (the dead body) with a piece of it (the cell of a specific cow).” Thus, Allah brings the dead to life and shows you His Ayat (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) so that you may understand (its application in real life).” CRISPR is a powerful gene-editing technology that acts as a molecular blade, slicing DNA apart, allowing us to add and subtract genes, and editing DNA for “de-extinction.” This technology allows scientists to bring back the dead by editing the DNA of its closest living relative to create a genome that, as edited, approximates the genetic code of the dead. However, the effects of the off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology are still not known.

Some Islamic scholars take multiple positions in the debate on the morality of gene editing techniques and cloning. Because the Prophets’ miracles (the application of advanced knowledge) confirmed the claim of Prophethood and increased the faith of believers in Allah. But some modern technologies constitute forbidden forms of “playing God!”

Age Reversal Technique

A hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari mentions that “The Angel of Death was sent to Prophet Moses (PBUH). When he came to Moses, Moses slapped him on the eye. The angel returned to his Lord and said, “You have sent me to a slave who does not want to die.” Allah said, “Return to him and tell him to put his hand on the back of an ox, and for every hair that came under it, he will be granted one year of life.” Moses said, “O Lord! What will happen after that?” Allah replied, “Then death.” Moses said, “Let it come now.” Here “put his hand on the back of an ox, and for every hair that will come under it (collect DNA samples from the hair and skin), he will be granted one year of life” indicates that treatments from the cell and DNA of bovine species can play a crucial role in delaying the aging process. Some researchers found that the DNA of cows may help human geneticists in assessing how humans can live longer. Future research into cow DNA could help extend human life expectancy. Humans can reverse aging or extend their lifespans with technology, but the “worldly” bodies of humans are designed to die. “Every soul will taste (experience) death” [29:57].

Prophet Musa (PBUH), who was granted advanced knowledge, realized the purpose of life is not to achieve immortality in this world. As Allah mentions: “…Are you pleased with the life of this (temporary) world rather than the hereafter? But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world as compared with the Hereafter” (Al-Tawbah, 38). “…as compared with the life of the hereafter, the life of this world is nothing but a brief passing enjoyment” (Ar-Rad, 26). The age-reverse technique or cloning might bring the dead back for a certain period but does not guarantee immortality forever. The Quran mentions: “And We granted not to any human being immortality before you, then if you die, would they live forever?” (21:34).

Genes Extend Life Span

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet said: “When Allah created Adam, He wiped his back and every person that He created among his offspring until the Day of Resurrection fell off his back. He placed a ray of light between the eyes of every person. Then He showed them to Adam and he said: ‘O Lord! Who are these people?’ He said: ‘These are your offspring.’ He [Adam] saw one of them whose ray between his eyes amazed him, so he said: ‘O Lord! Who is this?’ He said: ‘This is a man from the latter nations of your offspring called Daawood.’ He said: ‘Lord! How long did You make his lifespan?’ He said: ‘Sixty years.’ He said: ‘O Lord! Add forty years from my life to his.’ So, at the end of Adam’s life, the Angel of Death came to him, and he said: ‘Do I not have forty years remaining?’ He said: ‘Did you not give them to your son Daawood?’” The Prophet said: “Adam denied, so his offspring denied; Adam forgot, and his offspring forgot, and Adam sinned, so his offspring sinned.” [At-Tirmidhi and Al-Hakim classified it as Sahih]. This hadith indicates that certain genes are responsible for extending lifespan. Also, researchers suggest that some genes existing among us today are linked through our parents and other ancestors that may extend life span.

Cell Signaling Treatment

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to treat his wife by passing his right hand over the place of ailment and used to say, “O Allah, the Lord of the people! Remove the trouble and heal the patient, for You are the Healer. No healing is of any avail but Yours; healing that will leave behind no ailment.” This indicates he might use signal energy waves produced by the sound frequency generator (quorum communication/the power of supplication) approach to treat his wife. Different wave sound frequencies could affect the cells positively or negatively. Future studies may explore how cells react to Quranic wave sound frequencies (recitation).

Plant Reproduction

There are similarities between the ovary in a flower and the anther of a flower to the ovaries in the female and the testes of the male human reproductive system, as both contain the reproductive cells. Pollination is the first step in the sexual reproduction of plants with seeds. The Quran and Hadith mention the ways of plant reproduction: “Glory be to Him (Allah) Who created the components of couples of every kind: of what the earth causes to grow, of themselves (human beings), and of what they do not know.” [36:36]. “Of all fruits, (Allah) placed (on the earth) two of a pair” [13:3].

“He (Allah) it is Who spread the earth for you, and made in its paths for you, and sent down water from the sky, and thereby We produced diverse pairs of plants” [20:53]. Rain (environmental noise) and atmospheric deposition can influence the process of sexual reproduction in plants. Some plant species utilize rain for self-pollination, and certain pollinators help carry pollen from the male part of the flower to the female part of the flower in rainfall. “He it is Who sends down water for you from the sky out of which you drink and out of which grow the plants on which you pasture your cattle. With it He causes to grow for you the crops, the olives, the date palms, the grapes, and every kind of fruit. Verily! In this is indeed an evident proof and a manifest sign for people who give thought.” [16:10–11]

Muhammad Ibn e Hibban (RA) and Ibn Khudhaymah (RA) reported, on the authority of Anas (RA), that the Prophet (PBUH) passed by a group of people who were pollinating the dates (by dusting pollen on the carpel). The Prophet, peace be upon him, out of his natural modesty and bashfulness, said: “It would have been better if you didn’t do it.” Resultantly, that year, the palm trees bore dates that were soft, as the stones did not become hard or bad dates caused only in cases when the palm tree had not been fecundated by the flowers or pollen of the male tree. The matter was reported to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and the Prophet, peace be upon him, withdrew his suggestion by saying: “You people know better about your (such) affairs.” [Sahih Muslim]

The Quran describes how the wind plays an important role in pollination. Wind and insects assist in transferring pollen from the male part of a plant to the female part. The Quran mentions, “And We sent the seeding winds, then caused the rain to descend from the sky, and gave you water to drink, though you are not the guardians of its stores” (15:22).

Few pollinators are mentioned in the Quran, such as bees, ants, mosquitoes, etc. Honey bees pollinate many flowering plants, including fruits and vegetables. “And your Lord inspired the bee [saying]: ‘Make your home in the mountains and on the trees and the trellises that they erect. And feed from the flower of any fruit you please and follow the ways your Lord has made easy for you. From their bellies comes forth liquid of varying colors, in which there is healing for people. Surely, this is a sign for those who reflect.” [16:68–69] Ants can assist plants in growing by allowing water and oxygen to reach the roots. They take seeds down into their tunnel to eat the seed that might cause the growth of new plants. Ants can be more efficient than pesticides at assisting farmers in producing food. Spice and garden plants might be pollinated by mosquitoes, including anise, coriander, cumin, celery, carrots, etc.

When the pollen arrives at the female part of the plant, fertilization takes place by the will of Allah. After fertilization, the ovary starts to grow larger and form a fruit. The next step is seed dispersal. Cattle are mentioned in the Quran as playing a role in moving seeds from one location to another and creating a fertile ground for plant growth. “And the cattle, He (Allah) has created them for you; in them, there is warmth (warm clothing), and numerous benefits, and of them, you eat.” [16:5]

The next step is seed germination. Germination is the birth of a new plant. The Quran mentions: “Indeed, Allah is the One Who causes seeds and fruit stones to sprout. He brings forth the living from the dead and the dead from the living. That is Allah!” (6:95)

Some plants reproduce sexually, and others asexually (e.g., vegetative reproduction). The Quran indicates the origin of the plant that came from the sea, and Allah caused it to grow near the sea asexually for Prophet Younus (PBUH) for healing. “And, verily, Younus was one of the Messengers … Then a (big) fish swallowed him, and he had done an act worthy of blame. Had he not been of those who glorify Allah, he would have indeed remained inside its belly until the Day of Resurrection. But We cast him forth on the naked shore while he was sick, and We caused a plant (al-Yaqtin- pumpkin or gourd-like plant) to grow over him.” [37:139, 142–146]

Nature says “There Is Only One God”

There is a saying, “Nature is the source of true knowledge.” Everything in nature follows the Fibonacci sequence. Fibonacci numbers appear in the human body, the spiral arms of galaxies, the shell, the petals of a flower, the seed heads of a flower, and many contexts in our surroundings. This consistent pattern indicates that the Creator and Designer of the creations of Heaven and Earth is only One. The Quran mentions: “It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and likewise for the earth. His command descends throughout them, so you may know that Allah is Most Capable of everything and that Allah certainly encompasses all things in His knowledge” (65:12). “(Allah is the One) Who created the seven heavens one upon another. You will see no incongruity in the Merciful One’s creation. Turn your vision again, can you see any flaws?” [67:3]? Then turn your vision again, and then again; in the end, your vision will come back to you, worn out and frustrated.” (67:3–4) Today, graphic designers, artists, and architects are using the Golden Ratio design concept based on the Fibonacci sequence.

Look at the structural design, numerical design, and geometric design of the creations of Allah. Everything around us inspires belief in a Supreme Designer. His intelligent design carries His glorification. “Have you not seen that unto Allah glorifies whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, and the birds with wings outspread?” (Surah Nur, 41) “Say: ‘Praise be to God. He will show you His Signs and you will recognize them. Your Lord is not heedless of anything you do’” (27:93). Allah created humans to worship Him, but He does not demand our obedience forcefully. Look deep into nature, and you will understand why Our Creator is praiseworthy and why we should serve Him willingly for our own benefit.

Look at nature, and you will see the difference between the creations, highlighting the uniqueness of the One Creator. Every living being is designed in such a way that they have to sleep or take rest. Even cells put themselves to sleep. Sleep reminds us that we rely on God for all our needs and His protection, while nobody is awake except God. ‘There is no god but Allah. He is the Living, the Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth.’ (2:255)

Everybody Worships

Every living being is designed to worship. “There is none in the heavens and earth but comes to the Most High, Gracious (Allah) as a slave” [19: 93]. The universe obeys Allah’s laws. When you see the sun and moon, the sunrise and sunset, earth and sea, trees and mountains — you see all creations of Allah are submissive to the instruction of Allah willfully, dutifully, and humbly, except a few transgressor humans and Jinn. The Quran mentions that “Everything in heaven and on earth submits to God, willingly or unwillingly, as do their shadows in the mornings and the evenings. Whoever is in Heaven and Earth bows down on their knees before God obediently or grudgingly, just as their shadows do, so, in the morning and the evening.” (13:15)

Some people worship money, desire, and false deities; and some worship their Creator. But those who believe and whose hearts find comfort in the remembrance of the true Creator, “Surely in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find comfort.” (13:28) Our merciful Lord gives us enough time to discover who we are, why we are created, and why our Creator is worship-worthy. All creations display the signs of God’s creativity, carry His wisdom, and declare the glory of their one Supreme Creator.

Even if you call yourself an atheist, your physical body is an instrument of worship. Your heart is beating, your digestive system is working, and all organs are following the commands of their Creator. When death approaches, your own soul will not listen to your commands. Your soul will leave the physical body at the appointed time of Allah. “The soul is one of the commands of my Lord, and you are not given aught of knowledge but a little.” (17:85) “Allah takes the souls at the time of their death, and those that do not die [He takes] during their sleep. Then He keeps those for which He has decreed death and releases the others for a specified term. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who give thought.” (39:42)

“Allah did not create the earth and heavens in play” (21:16). “Like His other dutiful servants (worshippers or creations), Allah created jinn and humans to worship Him” [51:56]. He blessed us with many favors and chose us as His stewards to serve Him through serving His creations. A wise and dutiful person who observes the signs of nature and engages in critical thinking (reasoning) can find the fact of creations and submit himself to the guidelines of the Creator willfully to protect himself, others, and the planet Earth. Rejection and disobedience of the guidelines of our Creator will lead to chaos in the body and nature. “It is only those who have knowledge among Allah’s servants who fear Him” (Surah Fatir, 28).

Human Brain, The Internet, & The Universe

The Quran mentions, “We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. Is it not enough that your Lord is a Witness over all things? Lo, they are in doubt about the meeting with their Lord. Surely, He encompasses all things.” (41:53–54). “We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves” — this verse indicates that the human brain and body resemble the universe. The human brain bears a surprising resemblance to the universe, as the complex web of neurons inside our brains (neural networks in the brain) looks similar to the cosmic network of galaxies. If the brain cell resembles the universe, DNA looks like a double helix nebula, and the eye looks like a helix nebula. These similarities prove that the laws and designs of One Creator are the same everywhere. Allah says, “[And] who created seven heavens in layers. You do not see in the creation of the Most Merciful any inconsistency. So, return [your] vision [to the sky]; do you see any breaks? Then return [your] vision twice again. [Your] vision will return to you humbled while it is fatigued” (Surah Mulk, 3–4).

“Verily in the heavens and the earth are signs for those who believe. And in the creation of yourselves, and the fact that animals are scattered (through the earth), are signs for those of assured faith. And in the alternation of night and day, and that fact that Allah sends down sustenance from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and in the change of the winds, are signs for those who are wise” [45:3–5].

Astrophysicist Franco Vazza and neurosurgeon Alberto Feletti compared the network of neuronal cells in the human brain with the cosmic network of galaxies, and surprising similarities emerged. In May 2011, Anjamrooz, McConnell, and Azari explored the similarities between cells and the universe. They explained that a black hole resembles the cell nucleus. A black hole’s event horizon also resembles the nuclear membrane. Black holes and living cells also both emit pockets of electromagnetic radiation, among other similarities. Not only are the complexities of the brain and cosmic web similar, but so are their structures. It seems that the human brain is a mini-universe, and the universe has a giant brain! Future studies may discover how the living system and the information processes underlying life consciousness reside at a much deeper, intrinsic level of the universe.

The universe has a heartbeat (pulse-like event) like the earth and us. The heartbeat of the universe and earth glorify the Creator, which we might not comprehend. Recently, researchers have found the cosmic gas cloud with a heartbeat created when dust and gas gather in space. The Quran provides information about the Universe’s expansion: “The heavens, We have built them with power. And verily, We are expanding it.” (51:47)

From ants to walnuts or trees to humans, the consciousness of all creations is interconnected. The Quranic verse (67:15) says: “Allah has made the earth submissive for you, so walk on its shoulders.” If we walk on the shoulder of the earth, where’s its brain? The brain or consciousness of this planet may be interconnected with the giant brain of the Universe.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) described the size of the heavens; the first heaven, as compared to the second, is similar to a small ring in the desert, and he continued this narrative until he described the sixth heaven as being the size of a ring in the desert compared to the seventh heaven. Also, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “The seven heavens are concerning the Kursiyy (Footstool or minor throne) like a ring thrown into a waterless desert. And the superiority of the Arsh (Throne) over the Kursiyy is like the superiority of the desert over that ring (ring systems of planets).” Think about how big the universe is and how small we are. How great is the Creator of this Universe, and how small we are? Allah has no comparison between the earth and the universe. “Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the dominion of the Universe, and Who has power over everything” (67:1). How can humankind still not fear their Creator? Allah asks people who think, “Are you harder to create, or is the heaven that He built?” (79:27) “It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves that fear Allah.” (35:28)

There are striking similarities between the brain and the computer. The human brain is much more advanced and efficient and has more raw computing power than a computer. Our brain is ten times more energy-efficient than a computer. Like a human brain, the brain of the machine CPU executes programmed instructions to add, compare, and move data. Both the nature of the human brain and computers is programmable. Engineers at Zhejiang University have created China’s first brain-like computer, dubbed Darwin Mouse, that can mimic how a human brain works and tackle complex calculations while using a fraction of the energy used by conventional supercomputers. Which is a more complex creation — The human brain and universe or the brain-mimicking computer? The Quran mentions: “Certainly, the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of human beings, but most human beings do not know” (40:57).

The Submission of Sinful “Forelock”:

While the heart is a tool for reasoning, the forelock or the frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex) is responsible for the higher brain functions of the frontal lobes, including problem-solving, reasoning, decision-making, learning, intelligence, personality governing, planning, and emotion regulation. In Surah Al Alaq, it was mentioned: “Nay, if he desists not, We shall seize him by the forelock — “a lying, sinning forelock” (16). This verse indicates that the frontal lobe is linked to lying and criminal behavior. Recently, studies have shown that pathological liars have more white matter in the prefrontal cortex.

Humans hold a false perception that we are known as “freewill,” and because of this self-destructive feature of desire, we act like powerful supreme beings. We pretend we are owners and controllers of all things, we disobey the commands of the Creator, and we reject the truth, which is “We are the creations, and we have to follow the instructions of the Creator like other creations.” The Quran reminds us: “And (remember) as your Lord said to the Angels, ‘Surely I am making in the earth a successor (with “will” feature).’ They said, ‘Will You make therein one who will corrupt in it and shed blood while we (are the ones who) extol (with) Your praise and call You Holy?’ Allah said, ‘Surely I know whatever you do not know.” (2:30). Intelligent angels who do not hold the false perception do not violate the order of Allah.

Imagine you are put in a situation where your car is smashed by a massive rock that falls suddenly. Do you have free will to control this incident really? Or imagine you are trapped on the tenth floor of the building where the fire broke out. Can your “will” change the situation? Do we all have free will? Are human beings born into a low-income or wealthy family by their will? Allah grants us the ability to distinguish right from wrong and freedom of choice. In reality, free will is only an illusion for human beings generated by their brains. I believe that this area (forelock) is responsible for our false perception of “free” will, which causes the delusion of self-sufficiency and leads people to an erroneous conclusion about themselves. This region of the brain might make us believe that we are choosing the consequences of that choice could really be seen. “And never say of anything, ‘Indeed, I will do that tomorrow,’ Except [when adding], ‘If Allah wills’. Whenever you forget, remember your Lord and say, ‘May my Lord guide me closer to what is right.’ (18:23–24) The truth is only our Creator has free will. Allah reminds us: “…And you cannot will except that Allah wills” (9:51). Those who recognize that they do not have any power over anything if it is not given to them by God will realize that their successes and failures have depended on the will of Allah. “My success comes only through Allah. In Him, I trust and to Him, I turn” (11:88).

Many matters are predetermined by Allah. How can your wills and actions be free if God has determined them for you in advance? But your conscious choices matter. You are responsible for evil actions by choosing to do evil. The Quran mentions: “The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills — let him believe; and whoever wills — let him disbelieve. Indeed, We have prepared for the wrongdoers a fire whose walls will surround them. And if they call for relief, they will be relieved with water like murky oil, which scalds [their] faces. Wretched is the drink, and evil is the resting place.” (18:29) But you don’t have full freedom in all aspects of life. For example, suddenly, you discover your soul is trapped in a body, and you are locked in a maze-like room. You find few people surrounding yourself who are lost and feel purposeless. You ask yourself “Why am I here?” You start searching for the purpose and find the instruction manual (the Quran) that answers why you are here, instructs you how to escape from the deception of this room (the world), what to do when you face challenges, how to unlock the opportunities, and collect rewards to go back to your “home sweet home” (heaven) where you belonged to. The instruction manual also informs you that you are alone, someone is monitoring and watching you. When you need any help, call Him. He will guide you on the right path. You cannot waste time doing anything because time is running out! For testing purposes, the examiner (God) allows good and evil to exist in the room. You are granted the ability to distinguish good from evil and exercise freedom of choice inside the room, but you don’t have any ability or free will to choose outside the room. The Quran mentions: “O company of jinn and mankind, if you can pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority (from Allah). [55:33] A man came to Imam Ali (RA) and asked him “Do we have free will or is everything predetermined?” Imam Ali (RA) asked him to stand on one leg; after a brief pause, Imam Ali (RA) asked him to raise his other leg. But the man couldn’t. So, Imam Ali (RA) said that is free will. We are in control until a certain point, and then Allah from thereon. On the day of judgment, the soul will be judged for its intentions to choose right or wrong actions.

Believers who understand their limitations submit their power to exercise freedom of choice under the commands of the Creator through prostration (submission). They know whatever God predestined for them and whatever He commanded them to obey, there is good in it. Prophet Hud said to his people: “I put my trust in Allah, my Lord, and your Lord! There is not a moving (living) creature but He has a grasp of its forelock. Verily, my Lord is on the Straight Path (to go to heaven)” [Surah Hud, verse 56]. The purpose of all creations, as well as humanity and the Jinn race, was mentioned in the Quran: “I have created the jinn and humankind only for My worship.” (51:56) Our body and mind are the instruments of worship. Prostration (submit our forelock or will to Allah) has a physical and spiritual nature. “Sajdah,” a physical prostration position (bowing down/putting the forehead on the ground), is an activity of the daily prayers of Muslims. “Prostration” or “Bowing down towards Allah” represents any believer who submits his forelock (delusional free will) to the commands of Allah Almighty by trusting His plan, which is definitely on the right path to be successful in this world and hereafter. Prostration (Sajdah) also positively impacts prefrontal brain activity and heart health. Future researchers can study whether prostration impacts the submissive gene or the expression of submissiveness.

The Quran mentions that disobedient Iblis did not prostrate to Allah’s commands and submit to Adam’s authority. On the other hand, obedient souls perform spiritual prostration by submitting to their so-called “free” will to the commands of Allah, becoming obedient like angels. The story of the importance of prostrating to the commands of Allah is mentioned in the Quran: “And when We said unto the angels: ‘Prostrate yourselves before Adam;’ so they (angels) prostrated, except for Iblis (a Jinn). He (Iblis) refused and was arrogant and became one of the disbelievers.” [2:34].

The Quran reminds us: “We are told to rely on Allah in all our affairs. And rely upon the Ever-Living who does not die. (25:58) And whoever relies upon Allah — He will be sufficient for him.” (65:3). Believers who understand they have little control over the outcomes take precautions, struggle, and try their best to achieve their goals. However, they do not become frustrated when they lose something; they patiently pray to Allah, who has control over all situations. Believers believe that whatever comes and goes is based on the will of Allah and is ultimately good for them. Allah reminds us: “…But perhaps you hate a thing but it is good for you, and perhaps you love a thing but it is bad for you. And Allah Knows (what is good for you), while you do not know.” [2:216] Say: “Nothing shall ever happen to us except what Allah has ordained for us. He is our protector.” And in Allah, let the believers put their trust. (Surah Tawba, Verse 51)

Skin Can Testify

The Quran mentions that the skin and body parts will bear witness against the person on the Day of Judgment: “Till, when they reach it (Hell-fire), their hearing (ears), their eyes, and their skins will testify against them as to what they used to do. And they will say to their skins, ‘Why do you testify against us?’ They will say: ‘Allah has caused us to speak, as He causes all things to speak, and He created you the first time, and to Him, you are made to return.’ [41:20–21] People not only hear with their ears but also through their skin. Today, Facebook is working on technology that will allow people to hear with their skin and type with their brain. Our skin cells have memory, and they can communicate.

Eyes Like A Camera

Both an eye and a camera have lenses and light-sensitive surfaces. Your eyes capture your own actions and process and store visual information. “You did not bother to hide yourselves from your ears, eyes, and skin to prevent them from testifying against you. Rather, you assumed that Allah did not know much of what you used to do.” (41:22) Ibn al-Haitham was a Muslim scientist who invented the camera.

Time Travel Through Sleeping

The Quran indicates that travel to the future is possible: “Or have you thought that the companions of the cave and the inscription were, among Our signs, a wonder? [Mention] when the youths retreated to the cave and said, ‘Our Lord, grant us from Yourself mercy and prepare for us from our affair right guidance. So, We cast [a cover of sleep] over their ears within the cave for several years. Then We awakened them so that We might show which of the two factions was most precise in calculating what [extent] they had remained in time.” (18:9–12) “And [had you been present], you would see the sun when it rose, inclining away from their cave on the right, and when it set, passing away from them on the left, while they were [laying] within an open space thereof. That was from the signs of Allah. He whom Allah guides is the [rightly] guided, but he whom He leaves astray — never will you find for him a protecting guide. And you would think them awake, while they were asleep. And We turned them to the right and the left, while their dog stretched his forelegs at the entrance. If you had looked at them, you would have turned from them in flight and been filled by them with terror.” (18:17–18) “And they remained in their cave for three hundred years and exceeded by nine.” (18:25) Also, the Ashab-e-Kahf incident indicates that the bodies of these sleepers were stored carefully in the cave at such temperatures and conditions that their bodies were preserved for future civilization. Researchers may also explore the role of sleep in certain temperatures or conditions on longevity and how to sleep backward and travel forward into the future.

Some scientists, engineers, and architects have been building a ‘Timeship’ that will store cryogenically frozen people. They believe these frozen and preserved human organs, brains, and memories could survive. They hope cryofrozen people will travel to another time in the future.

The Biology of Animal Domestication

The physical, developmental, and submissive behavioral traits of domestic animals differ from those of wild animals. Human influence might be written in the genes of domesticated animals. If God doesn’t make them submissive to us, we cannot domesticate them. The physiological and neurobiological changes of livestock may bring them under our control.

The Quran mentions: “Do they not see that We single-handedly created for them, among other things, cattle that are under their control? And We have subjected these animals to them so they may ride some and eat others.” (36:71–72) Camels are known as the “ships of the desert.” People use single-humped camels for trading, transporting, and consuming in desert countries where other species would not survive. The Quran mentions: “Do they not ever reflect on camels — how they were masterfully created?” (88:17) Allah created the genetic and biological features in such a way that makes camels carry passengers and transport goods. Like a car, the camel has energy storage (hump), and this hump gives it the ability to travel long distances without water. The Quran mentions: “And He created the livestock for you, to provide you with warmth and many other benefits, as well as food. They also provide you with luxury during your leisure, and when you travel. And they carry your loads to lands that you could not reach without great hardship. [16:5–7] “It is God who provided for you all manner of livestock, that you may ride on some of them and derive food from some. And other uses in them for you to satisfy your heart’s desires. It is on them, as on ships, that you make your journeys.” (40:79–80) “And He is the One Who created all things (species) in pairs and made for you ships and animals to ride.” (43:12)

Animal Intelligence and Animal Language:

“There is not an animal that lives on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but they form communities like you. Nothing has we omitted from the Book, and they all shall be gathered to their Lord in the end” (6:38). The Quran confirms that animals have their own method of communication. Allah taught the language of birds, ants, and Jinn species to Prophet Solomon (PBUH). “And Solomon succeeded David. He said, ‘O people, we were taught the language of birds, and we were given from everything. This is indeed a real blessing’” (27:16). Prophet Solomon (PBUH) specialized in the study of animal behavior and took necessary steps to protect living creatures. “And gathered for Solomon were his soldiers of the jinn and men and birds, and they were [marching] in rows. Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, “O ants, enter your dwellings so that you will not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not.” So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech, and said, “My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants.” (27:17–19)

Like all creations, frogs glorify Allah and praise Him. A hadith mentions that it is prohibited to kill frogs, and Abdullah Ibn Amr said that the reason for this is that its croak is Tasbeeh (how perfect God is), and Al-Bayhaqi classified this narration from Ibn Amr as authentic. “Do you not see that God’s limitless glory is exalted by all in the heavens and the earth, even by the birds with wings outspread [in flight]? Each [of them] knows how to pray to and glorify [Him], and God well knows that they do.” (24:41)

Ants collectively think as an entire network, and as a colony, ants plan to perform tasks like algorithms on a computer. They are the real computer systems. Ants communicate with ants in their colony by releasing certain chemicals, pheromones, or body language to indicate danger. The Quran mentions that when a female ant saw the Prophet Suleiman (PBUH) and his army, she warned other ants about danger.

Some animals, such as cows, parrots, Orcinus orca, etc., can be taught to speak like humans. Abu Hurairah said that Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) offered the Fajr prayer, then faced the people and said, “While a man was driving forward his cow, he climbed onto its back to ride it, and then started to beat it. The cow said, “We have not been created for this, but we have been created for plowing.” The people said in astonishment, “Glorified be Allah! A cow that speaks!” The Prophet (PBUH) said, “I believe this, and so do Abu Bakr and ‘Umar.” Although neither of them was present. The Prophet (PBUH) continued: “While a man was among his sheep, a wolf attacked and took one of them. The man chased the wolf until he saved his sheep from the wolf, whereupon the wolf said, ‘You have saved it from me; but who will guard it on the day of the wild beasts of prey, wherein there will be no shepherd to guard them except [the likes of] me?’” The people said in surprise, “Glorified be Allah! A wolf speaks!” The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Indeed I believe this, and so do Abu Bakr and Umar.” Although neither of them was present. [Bukhari] This hadith demonstrates that animals are intelligent and capable of distinguishing right from wrong and using insight to make decisions.

The Miracle of Food Multiplication

A hadith in Sahih Bukhari mentions that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) miraculously multiplied food (e.g., a bowl of milk, dates, goat meat, and rye bread) to feed a group of people. Also, during the feast on the occasion of the Prophet’s (PBUH) marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh, a small amount of food fed more than a hundred people. Umm Sulaym said about the incident: “Do not be amazed! If the apostle of Allah had wanted all Medina folk to come and eat from that food, all would have eaten and been fully satisfied.” “The Messenger fed 70 to 80 men with a small amount of rye bread that Anas had brought under his arm. The Messenger ordered: “Break the bread into small pieces!”, and he prayed for its increase. Because the house was small, they came ten at a time, and left having filled themselves” [Bukhari, Muslim]. These miracles indicate the cells in milk, dates, and many other foods are alive and have the ability to multiply. Researchers found that one stem cell of a fish can feed a hundred people and fight world hunger. Scientists Sandhya Sriram and Ka Yi Ling developed cell-based shrimp and seafood from one stem cell of shrimp using cellular agriculture technology.

Renewable Resources

Allah created everything, and He teaches us through His creations and revelations. Every creation illuminates the wisdom of our Creator. For example, electric eels can stun their prey by generating electricity. All human inventions already exist in nature. These inventions make life easier. One of Allah’s great blessings to Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH) was “a fount of molten copper.” Melted copper may refer to an advanced technology that employs electricity. We know that copper is one of the best metals for conducting electricity and heat, and thus constitutes the basis of the electrical industry, which uses much of the copper produced worldwide. The expression “flow out” might indicate copper’s role in generating electricity.

Electricity production generates a considerable share of greenhouse gas emissions. But Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH) did not misuse his advanced knowledge and harm planet Earth. The Quran mentions that Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH) was grateful to his Lord for all the favors bestowed upon him, and he was cautious about the rights and well-being of the other creations of Allah, even if it was a tiny ant. Electricity from renewable resources such as wind generally does not contribute to climate change. Wind turbines turn wind energy into electricity. Copper is an essential conductor of wind power generation. The Quran mentions: “And We made a fount of molten copper flow out for him” (34:12). The Quran also narrates that the wind (energy) was made subservient to Prophet Solomon (PBUH), He could control it and that the jinn (stubborn microorganisms) also came under Solomon’s control. It indicates microscopic wind farms powered by bacteria could be used during the time of Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH). Microorganisms (bacteria) can produce electricity which is a source of renewable energy.

The culture and religion of the queen of Sheba practiced prominent Sun worship. Ancient Egyptians were the first people known to use solar energy on a large scale to heat their homes. In this sense, the ancients might have electricity. Solar and other types of energy generate electricity. The Quran mentions: “Allah hath constrained the night and the day and the sun and the moon to be of service unto you…” (12:13). Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy through photovoltaic panels that concentrate solar radiation. “Glorious is the One who made stellar formations in the sky and placed therein a lamp and a bright moon” (Quran 25:61; 71:16). But the problem is solar panels contain toxic materials that might create environmental hazards. Wind energy is better for clean energy than solar energy for powering our homes.

The Quran indicates some sources of electricity. For example, a verse mentions: “Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is as (if there were) a niche and within it a lamp, the lamp is in glass, the glass as it were a brilliant star, lit from a blessed tree, an olive, neither of the east (i.e. neither it gets sun-rays only in the morning) nor of the west, whose oil would almost glow forth (of itself), though no fire touched it. Light upon Light! Allah guides to His Light whom He wills. And Allah sets forth parables for mankind, and Allah is All-Knower of everything.” (Quran 24:35) In the hills of Andalucia, Spain, olive farmers are turning waste from olive oil into green electricity and heat to fight against climate change. Also, research studies have shown that living plants are green power sources and can generate power from 100 LED light bulbs. Scientists have made a hybrid tree with natural and artificial leaves that can act as an electrical generator converting wind into electricity.

It is mentioned in the Quran, “The lightning almost snatches away their sight. Every time it lights (the way) for them, they walk therein; but when darkness comes over them, they stand (still). And if Allah had willed, He could have taken away their hearing and their sight. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent” (2:20). “It is He who shows you lightening, (causing) fear and aspiration, and generates the heavy clouds” (Quran 13:12). This verse is added to the numerous discoveries that testify to the oneness of Allah, the Almighty. Lightning bolts are potent sources of electricity. A single bolt of lightning is enough to power a household for a month. Future scientists may find a way to harvest the energy of lightning.

Pico Hydro Technology

Quranic verses provide insights into water (Quran 13:17; 21:30), water flow (Quran 14:32; 16:15), hydropower (Quran 21:30; 20:48; 50:9; 78:14), gravity (Quran 43:11; 50:9; 80:25), which are essential components in implementing Pico hydro technology. Pico hydro technology can generate power from water.

Noah’s Ark & Marine-Shipbuilding Technique

“And of His signs is that Allah sends the winds as bringers of good tidings and to let you taste His mercy, and so the ships may sail at His command, and so you may seek His bounty, and perhaps you will be grateful” (30:46). Today, people use a sound (device) that helps ships navigate. Also, wind-powered ships can cut emissions by 90%. Today, ship designers consider the use of wind-assisted propulsion to reduce fuel costs, improve operating efficiency, and enhance the shipping industry’s environmental performance. Allah gave the wind under the command of Prophet Solomon (PBUH). Future scientists may discover technologies to change the direction of the wind using commands (sounds/signals).

The Quran mentions that the people of Noah refused to accept Allah’s message, accusing Prophet Nuh (PBUH) of falsehood. Allah decided to bring down His punishment upon the unbelievers. “But they rejected him, and We delivered him, and those with him, in the Ark. But We overwhelmed those who rejected Our signs in the flood. They were indeed a blind people!” (7:64). To Prophet Nuh (PBUH), Allah commanded: “Construct the Ark within Our sight and under Our guidance. Then when comes Our command, and the fountains of the earth gush forth, take on board pairs of every species, male and female, and your people except those of them against whom the Word has already been issued: and address Me not in respect of those who are unjust; for verily they shall be drowned (in the flood)” [23:27]. Prophet Nuh’s ark can inspire marine engineers and naval architects to construct and design ships that can resist flooding.

Mining

The Quran mentions: “And of the (Submissive) jinn and devils (stubborn Jinn), We assigned to him (Prophet Solomon PBUH) some who dived (into the sea to extract precious stones/materials) for him and obediently performed other tasks besides that. And We were watchful over them.” [21:82] “He merges the two bodies of fresh and salt water, yet between them is a barrier they never cross. Then which of your Lord’s favors will you both deny? Out of both waters come forth pearls and coral.” (55:19–22)

The rivers and the deep-sea environment hold a wealth of minerals, such as gold, manganese, cobalt, copper, nickel, etc., which could be used for renewable energy technologies, including wind turbines, medical equipment, solar panels, electric-vehicle batteries, etc. Excessive mining activities in rivers and the deep ocean may level the ocean floor and disrupt aquatic life.

Geology

Recently, researchers found that a mountain is floating on a layer of hot molten rock. The Quran mentions: “The mountains that you see, you think they are stationary while they are constantly floating like the floating of clouds. Such is the work of Allah Who made everything firm and strong.” (27:89) “He (Allah) has created the heavens without any pillars that you can see, and He has placed in the earth firm mountains that it may not quake with you, and He has scattered therein all kinds of creatures, and We have sent down water from the clouds and caused to grow therein every noble species.” [31:11] “Have We not made the earth a bed, And the mountains as pegs (roots)?” (Quran 78:7–8) The mountains are stabilizers for the Earth. The mountain functions as a nail holding the earth together to create equilibrium (Web Site Administrator, n.d.). To stay above continental levels, mountains have roots inside the mantle. Mountains can reduce the power of quakes but also make the quake more powerful.

Construction

The Quran mentions major phases of the home-building process. The first step is to develop a set of plans and materials. When we need to have a blueprint drawn up, we need to sketch out ideas and communicate them to the architects about our vision. An action comes out of a thought or an intention. As the Creator, Allah had a plan for creation and He shared His plans with angels. He decided to turn it into reality for a higher purpose.

The next step in the home-building process is a permit. The Quran mentions: “He is the One Who has originated the heavens and the earth, and when He wills to (originate) a thing, He only says to it: ‘Be,’ and it becomes.” (2:117) Pouring the foundation and framing (roof systems) are the next steps. Allah commands to build the earth as a ‘home’ for the children of Adam. People build the foundation of the building, and Allah spreads out the earth. They put pillars, and He placed mountains. Allah placed the sky as our roof. The Quran mentions: “He is the One who made the earth a bed for you, and the sky a roof, and sent down water from the sky, then brought forth its fruits, as a provision for you.” (2:22) “Have We not made the earth a resting place? And the mountains as stakes?” (78:6–7) “and setting the mountains firmly upon it, all as a means of sustenance for you and your animals.” (79:32–33) “It is Allah Who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof. His Command descends between them (heavens and earth), that you may know that Allah has power over all things and that Allah surrounds (comprehends) all things in (His) Knowledge.” [65:12].

The next phase is plumbing and electricity. People install plumbing while Allah places fountains. Allah places the sun as a lamp. Landscaping is one of the final steps of the home-building process. It is necessary to work with landscapers to design the yard you want and frame walkways with trees to create an attractive facade. “[It is He] who has made for you the earth as a bed [spread out] and inserted therein for your pathways and sent down from the sky, rain and produced thereby categories of various plants.” (20:53) The next step is an inspection where the inspector ensures there are no errors. The Quran encourages inspection: “He is the One Who created seven heavens, one above the other. You will never see any imperfection in the creation of the Most Compassionate. So, look again: do you see any flaws?” (67:3) It is important to evaluate how long it takes to build a house from start to finish. “Allah created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six days” (7:54) Lastly, your builder will show you the new home’s amenities. The Quran indicates the final walkthrough: “Travel throughout the land and see how He originated the creation, then Allah will bring it into being one more time. Surely, Allah is Most Capable of everything.” (29:20) Who is praiseworthy? You or your Lord? “The creation of the heavens and earth is far greater than the creation of mankind. But most of mankind do not know it.” (40:57)

Archaeological Evidence

Historic preservation is crucial for transmitting our understanding of the past to future generations. The Quran encourages archaeologists to examine, recover, and preserve evidence of human activity from past cultures: “Similar situations came to pass before you, so travel throughout the land and see the fate of the deniers.” (3:137) The Quran provides hints about many archaeological discoveries, such as the City of Babylon, Iram, Saba (City of Sheba), Sinai, Jerusalem, the cave of Ashab e Kahf, Nuh’s Ark, etc. Researchers suggest a possible “Golden Calf” site near Jabal Maqla, Saudi Arabia. The Quran mentions that the tyrant Pharaoh chased down Prophet Musa and Bani Israel. Future researchers can explore whether Prophet Musa (PBUH) crossed Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea and whether Pharaoh’s drowned body was preserved underwater.

SMART Technologies

Nowadays, we can give commands to intelligent smart speakers, including how to turn on and off our smart lights. This idea of voice control can be found in Hadith. Allah created the creation, and the first thing that He created was the Pen (Qalam), and He said to it, “Write!” So, it replied, “What should I write?” So, He said, “Write whatever is going to happen until the Day of Resurrection.” So, the Pen wrote down, by the command of Allah for it to write down, whatever was going to happen until the Day of Resurrection upon the preserved tablet. The idea of this pen and tablet may inspire the invention of many voice-command technologies.

Some Advanced Technologies Signal the End Times

Knowledge can be dangerous depending on how it is applied. Knowledge is like a knife that can be used to cut apples or to take a life. As we know, many Prophets performed miracles by the commands of Allah to prove their prophethood, such as the night journey (Isra) and ascension (Miraj), the nonliving objects (stones) and animals communicating with the Prophets, and the staff (object) of Prophet Musa (PBUH) being transformed into a snake (living creatures/energy). Sometimes miracles and technology are indistinguishable. Technologies make our lives easier. But we are becoming slaves to technology. Technology changes the way Adam’s children think and impacts their goals in life. The misuse of advanced knowledge and its application (technological advancements) can also destroy our society and the planet. Some of the negative effects of excessive technology use include pollution, depletion of natural resources, destruction of ecological habitats, harm to health and wellbeing, breaking ties, and increasing disaster risk.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) revealed many end-time signs through his prophecies, such as predatory animals and minerals speaking to humans. Today, different minerals are used to make mobile phones, robots, and other devices. Abu Saeed Al Khudri narrated that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! The Hour will not be established until wild animals speak to people (human-animal interaction), and until the tip of a man’s whip speaks to him (human-object interaction) …” [Sunan At Tirmidhi] Istanbul, Turkey-based ESIT Elektronik introduced WhipChip, a “smart” whip with a microprocessor that can gather data and detect the intensity of hits a horse takes during a race. Today, animal translator devices assist us in talking to animals. Another hadith mentioned: “A sign of Doomsday is the rivalry of bare-footed and poor shepherds in constructing high buildings and boasting about it” (Bukhari). High-rise buildings (skyscrapers) promote global warming, which could lead to increased drought and pollution.

In the end times, a rightly guided leader (Mahdi) will appear in Saudi Arabia. Hadith mentions: “When you see him (Imam Mahdi), then certainly perform bait to him even if you have to crawl over your knees through the mountains of snow because he (Imam Mahdi) will be the Khalifa of God.” This hadith predicts that parts of Saudi Arabia might experience snowfall due to devastating climate change at the end of the century.

1400 years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned about Dajjal (the false messiah and evil leader who would break the law of nature and change/alter the creations of Allah with Jinn’s assistance). ‘…Part of Dajjal’s Fitna will be that he will command the sky to rain, and it will rain, and he will command the earth to bring forth vegetation and it will do so. And part of his Fitnah will be that he will pass by a clan and they will disbelieve in him, so all their flocks will perish and none will be left. And part of his Fitnah will be that he will pass by a clan who will believe in him, so he will command the sky to rain, and it will rain, and he will command the earth to bring forth vegetation and it will do so, until their flocks will come back in the evening of that day, bigger and fatter than they have ever been, with their flanks stretched and their udders full of milk…’ (Sunan Ibn Majah). This hadith indicates that Dajjal might misuse advanced knowledge and its application to spread corruption in the land.

Today, some fields of study and their applications, such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and geoengineering (weather and climate modification), could alter the Earth’s systems and introduce risks. The Quran asks the people of knowledge, “See ye the water that ye drink? Do ye bring it down from the cloud, or do us?” (Al-Waqiah, 68–69). “Indeed, man is ungrateful to his Lord and indeed he is witness to that!” (Suratِ al- Aadiyat, Ayat 6–7) Instead of being grateful to Allah, Dajjal would lead mankind to destroy all the blessings on Earth and the sky by their own hands. The adoption of Dajjal’s advanced technology could lead humankind to depend on businesses that control supply and price rather than God. Today, genetically engineered hormones are injected into dairy cows to increase milk production. However, these growth hormones cause unnecessary pain and suffering in cows and increase the risk of cancer in humans.

How the World Could End:

Many researchers believe that several human-triggered cataclysms and natural hazards could doom humanity and wipe out many species. According to some researchers, threats that could destroy our planet Earth could be a nuclear holocaust, supervolcanos, asteroids, cosmic collisions, etc.

The Quran and Hadith describe the complete picture of the end times. A sign of end events is smoke. The Quran states, “Therefore, watch for the day when the sky brings a profound smoke. It will envelop the people; this is a painful retribution. (Then they will say): ‘Our Rab, relieve us of our torment. Lo! We are believers. How can there be a remembrance for them, when a messenger making plain (the Truth) had already come unto them, and they had turned away from him and said: One taught (by others), a madman?” (44:10–14). This description matches the mushroom cloud of a nuclear bomb, which comprises deadly radiant smoke. Explosive weapons can devastate a landscape, destroy trees, wipe out many inhabitants of the Earth, and make the Earth uninhabitable. “Now move toward what you have been denying, move on toward a three-pronged shadow, neither affording shade nor protecting from the blaze. It throws up flames like huge castles. As though the castles were dusky yellow camels” (Quran 77:30–34). The words ‘move towards’ indicate that mankind will be gradually carried into an era where it will confront this calamity of tormenting and deadly clouds that offer no shade or protection. The Quran mentions, “And there has already come to them the great news where is a warning — Consummate wisdom, but the warnings profit them not” (54:5–6).

“Do you not see that Allah sent down water from the sky with which we brought forth fruits of diverse hues? In the mountains there are white and red, of diverse hues, and pitchy black” (Quran 35:27). This verse might indicate the color code for different states of the volcano (e.g., noneruptive state, pre-eruptive state of an active volcano). Some experts believe that a supervolcanic explosion will cause the greatest mass species extinction at the end of time. There are some warning signs before the volcano erupts, such as trumpet sounds or loud sounds, smoke, and earthquakes. “O mankind! Fear your Lord. Lo! The earthquake of the Hour (of Doom) is a tremendous thing.” (Verse 22:1) “When the Inevitable Event takes place, then no one can deny it has come. It will debase some and elevate others. When the earth will be violently shaken, and the mountains will be crushed to pieces, becoming scattered particles of dust” (56:1–6). “The Calamity! What is Calamity? Ah, what will convey unto thee what Calamity is! A day when mankind will be as thickly scattered moths. And the mountains will become like carded wool.” (Al Qaariah 101:1–5) “But watch thou for the day when the sky will produce visible smoke. That will envelop the people. This will be a painful torment.” (Verse 44:10–11) “And the trumpet shall be blown, so all those that are in the heavens and all those that are in the earth shall swoon, except such as Allah please; then it shall be blown again, then lo! they shall stand up awaiting.” (39:68)

Allah made Adam’s children His chosen representatives on Earth. However, ignorant and irresponsible humans are destroying nature and the earth, sky, and sea at an unprecedented rate, threatening the survival of their future and other species in many ways, such as pollution, overconsumption, deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and global warming. “And when they are told, ‘Do not spread corruption on earth,’ they answer, ‘We are but improving things!’” (2:11) “The mischief has appeared in land and sea as a result of what people’s hands have done so that Allah may cause them to taste the consequences of some of their deeds and perhaps they might return to the Right Path” (Quran 30:41)

Allah made the Earth habitable for the children of Adam and other living organisms to test His creations for a certain period and see how well they demonstrate their responsibilities and serve their Creator according to His laws. Allah sent down a limited amount of resources (e.g., water, iron, etc.) to Earth and created living creatures (e.g., cows, sheep, plants) to assist the children of Adam in surviving and completing their particular tasks. Human beings have been given the responsibility of stewardship over Allah’s creations. “The world is beautiful and verdant, and verily God, be He exalted, has made you His stewards in it, and He sees how you acquit yourselves.” [Muslim].

Today, human carelessness is speeding up extinction, altering the environment, and making our planet uninhabitable. For example, human activities such as over-exploitation, overharvesting, excessive mining, burning fossil fuels, pollution, contamination, and climate change damage our ecosystems. “We have warned you of an eminent punishment on the Day when a person will see what he has done, and the unbeliever (who refused to take responsibility for his actions) will say, “I wish that I were dust!” (78:40)

Islam means submission and obedience to the commands of Allah. Don’t let desire or habit define you. Instead, be a Muslim, where your actions shape your identity as one who submits to God. We can ask questions to explore the wisdom of Allah behind His commands or discover new tools and technology that can assist us in performing our duties easily, thereby increasing faith. Sometimes, opinions, explanations, and innovations from modern scientists and others may mislead us, leading to doubt about Allah’s laws and violating these laws. For example, Allah prohibits eating pork. A scientist may explain that pigs are unclean due to worms in their intestines. While we can acknowledge such facts, we must remember to hear His commands and obey without seeking explanations or justifications. This is true submission to Allah. If, in the future, scientists claim they can clean pork artificially in a lab, we should not deem eating pork lawful.

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